Republic period was from 509 – 27BCE. It lasted from the expulsion of Tarquinius Superbus until the bestowing of the title of Augustus on Octavian. During this there was TEMPLE OF PORTUNUS, which is combination of Etruscan plans and Greek elevations. This pseudoperipteral stone temple employs the Ionic order, but it has a staircase and freestanding columns only at the front. In addition to this, it also have TEMPLE OF VESTA, which is located in Tivoli in Italy. The models for the Tivoli temple’s builders were Greek tholoi, but the Roman building has a frontal orientation and a concrete calla. There is also SANCTUARY OF FORTUNA, It is the most impressive and innovative use of concrete during the Republic was in the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia.
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During this period, there was Apollodorus of Damascus used brick-faced concrete to transform the Quirinal Hill overlooking Trajan’s Forum into a vast multilevel complex of barrel-vaulted shops and administrative offices. There is also column of Trajan, The spiral frieze of Trajan’s Column tells the story of the Dacian wars in 150 episodes. The reliefs depicted all aspects of the campaigns, from battles to sacrifices to road and fort construction. There was also Al- Khazheh. This is a prime example of Roman “baroque” architecture. The designer used Greek architectural elements in a purely ornamental fashion and with a studied disregard for Classical rules. During the Antonina time, there was COLUMN OF ANTONINUS PIUS, which is representation of the joint apotheosis of Antonina's Pius and Faustina is firmly in the Classical tradition with its elegant, well-proportioned figures, personifications, and single ground line. At the end there were Constantinian coin, These two coins underscore that portraits of Roman emperors were rarely true likenesses. On the earlier coin, Constantine appears as a bearded tetrarch. On the later coin, he appears eternally
During this period, there was Apollodorus of Damascus used brick-faced concrete to transform the Quirinal Hill overlooking Trajan’s Forum into a vast multilevel complex of barrel-vaulted shops and administrative offices. There is also column of Trajan, The spiral frieze of Trajan’s Column tells the story of the Dacian wars in 150 episodes. The reliefs depicted all aspects of the campaigns, from battles to sacrifices to road and fort construction. There was also Al- Khazheh. This is a prime example of Roman “baroque” architecture. The designer used Greek architectural elements in a purely ornamental fashion and with a studied disregard for Classical rules. During the Antonina time, there was COLUMN OF ANTONINUS PIUS, which is representation of the joint apotheosis of Antonina's Pius and Faustina is firmly in the Classical tradition with its elegant, well-proportioned figures, personifications, and single ground line. At the end there were Constantinian coin, These two coins underscore that portraits of Roman emperors were rarely true likenesses. On the earlier coin, Constantine appears as a bearded tetrarch. On the later coin, he appears eternally