Neal McLeod’s “Rethinking Treaty Six” focuses on the creation and results of Treaty Six while documents 2.3, 2.5, 2.6 and 2.7 in Keith Smith’s Strange Visitors focuses on Treaty 7; both accounts highlight how there are different views of the treaties impact depending on the document and party involved. Written accounts were from the British perspective who imposed regulations while oral accounts were from Indigenous people who had to endure dire conditions following the treaties. Smith’s primary documents outline the articles in Treaty 7, the consequences that Indigenous people faced and oral accounts of the events. McLeod focuses on the need to reexamine history and the importance of understanding past events from an Indigenous perspective;…
Throughout the course so far, I have been able to gain a greater understanding of the First Nations peoples culture. As the course progresses it is noticed that as we keep going further into the past of the First nation's people, it keeps building on itself, due to the fact that there has been so much history covered up. Through the pieces of the literature studied in class, such as the novel Indian Horse by Richard Wagamese and the poem seven matches by Gord Downie and Jeff Lemire, I have been able to determine how the four major themes within the course, identity, sovereignty, relationships, and challenges are a part of the First Nations culture's past. The First Nations people are struggling with these themes, but are in a pace now where they are working to fix their broken past.…
Popular histories often marginalize First Nations women when discussing the fur trade. However, these women were quite significant and contributed a great deal to the vast and rapid development of colonial fur trading, playing a unique but important role in fur trade. Also, the fur trade itself changed the culture of First Nations women permanently and altered their role in their society. European fur traders first came to Canada early in the 16th century, and by the 19th century their industry was in full swing, as in 1821, the Hudson Bay Company successfully won and merged with its biggest rival—Northwest Company (Carlos and Lewis). While Europeans at first simply came to North America to trade for furs, or hunt them themselves, and returned…
Native American response paper This response paper will be on the articles A Tour of Indian Peoples and Indian Lands by David E. Wilkins and Winnebagos, Cherokees, Apaches, and Dakotas by Debra Merskin. The first article discusses what the Indian tribes were and where they resided. There are many common terms to refer to the native people including American Indians, Tribal nations, indigenous nations, first peoples, and Native Americans. Alaskan natives are called by their territories like the Inuits or the Aleuts.…
Therefore, rather than completely accepting Christianity as their religion, some still incorporated their Oglala rituals in their daily lives. Since the establishment of Indian reservations, Lakota economic society and religion have been greatly affected, particularly men who had been stripped of their political and economic responsibilities, while women’s role were not greatly affected. “Indian males did not take part in the white man's economy; they were hunters and warriors stripped of their normal economic pursuits and political independence” (Powers, 2010, p. 26). It is clear that in Lakota and American culture gender roles shared similar traits, and its influence affected their future generations. For instance, in Lakota, traditional…
Failure of the federal law to grant “fair treatment” to the tribal governments through “meaningful involvement” impedes effectiveness of tribal institutions that are unable to “exercise sovereignty effectively”. Forced assimilation as a colonial legacy has…
Jessica Starks Unequal Communities: Exploring the Relationship between Colonialism, Patriarchy and the Marginalization of Aboriginal Women addresses multiple topics in regards to the effects of colonialism, the introduction of the Indian Act and its detrimental effects in pertinence to the Indigenous Peoples of Canada, specifically First Nations women. Stark also explores the colonial/pre-colonial political identity of Indigenous women. In addition, Stark examines how patriarchal design of the Indian Act served in its ability to not only redefine the roles of women, but to oppress and alienate them from their communities through the membership and band council provision of the Indian Act. Stark concludes her essay with the notion or idea…
Background Information and Thesis When America was still in its early years, Indians had a socioeconomic status less than that of a black person -- that is unless they became assimilated tax payers. The U.S. government toyed with them like puppets for years as America expanded west, forcibly securing them in federally controlled reservations under the guise of protecting them. By the mid 1800’s, all Native American tribes resided west of the Mississippi River on reservations due to the Indian Removal Act signed in 1830. Relationships between Indians and the government had been strained at best for decades. The government didn’t view Indians as human, which, in turn, made them think they could simply relocate the tribes whenever they pleased…
Native Americans were the first to settle in America and were defined by the English as indigenous people. The English labeled the indigenous people as “savages” and viewed them as an uncivilized culture, while they viewed themselves as a civilized culture. In Robert Warrior’s “Indian,” he argues the idea of the present absence of indigenous culture meaning their culture is what made up American culture and no one realizes it. In the “Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson,” Mary Rowlandson explains her feelings and experience while Native Americans held her captive. In the beginning, her perception of the world was defined as either savage or civilized.…
The study of Native American history, culture and customs indicates what has made Americans diverse, but also what makes us the same. Native involvement in the Americas is set apart by coercive and once in a while willing endeavors at assimilation into standard European American society. Starting with missions and paving the way to governmentally controlled schools the point was to instruct Native people so they could return to their communities and encourage the acclimatization process. Overall survival of indigenous stories and lifestyles that oppose colonization form a part Native identities through the despotism of European ideals. “This Is History” by Beth Brant (Mohawk) was one of the readings that was most impactful to me.…
The constant oppression that all Indian princesses and squaws face is a major contributor to not only how I view the world, but also my particular influence in the binary. For instance, aboriginal women have no control over their public identity; therefore, limiting their potential and labeling them as sexual objects instead of distinct individuals (Anderson 82). This cruel reality for Native women reflects how our world sees all women – worthless and inferior compared to men. For this reason, I think it is exceptionally important to take control and support equal rights. Living in Canada we are lucky enough to have freedom of expression, thus we have the responsibility to take care of our fellow women in times of need.…
Canada’s history is dominated by a white male archetype due to the colonial and patriarchal standard of a Eurocentric society. This colonial society has marginalized many distinct groups of people over the course of its history. The most severe marginalization would be that of the colonized Indigenous women, who have been doubly affected for they are both female and apart of a colonized culture. Contemporary Indigenous women in Canada have undergone an identity crisis because the patriarchal perspective of the colonial culture has skewed how colonist people view them and how they view themselves. Gender discrimination is highly apparent in the patriarchal focus of the Indian Act, a colonial imposed legislation, where women’s traditional roles of power were either reduced or eliminated.…
The goals of settler colonialism led to the mistreatment of Native Americans, Mexicans, Africans, and African Americans, and because of the history of the country as well as the nature of U.S. government, these groups of people are still discriminated against today. The persistence of such a structure, in regards to Native Americans, is due to the fact that indigenous people who originally resided on the land that white Americans claim as their own have not left, the white colonizers are still present, and the two groups still do not necessarily see eye to eye. The fact that the effects of settler colonialism, along with settler colonialism itself, have persevered over time have led to distorted concepts of what it means to belong in U.S. society. One effect of settler colonialism is the existence of Indian Reservations.…
In the novel Lakota Woman by Mary Crow Dog, it tells the life story of Mary "Brave Woman" Crow Dog. However, her story shows not only the happiness but the pain her and a lot of others felt. It also revealed he struggle of the Sioux as they waver between embracing the white man's ways and maintaining their ancestral traditions. Mary’s experiences show struggle, pain and determination in hopes of getting the reader to see both sides of the Indian movement. “The fight for our land is at the core of our existence, as it has been for the last two hundred years.…
Which changed the view of native nations from co-equals to a group they could dominate over, ultimately “population/resources overturn juridical notion of Indians…