Preface to the Issue “Multiple Modernities”.
This study contain a collection of several essays about modernity in general, in U.S., in the Soviet Union, in Turkey, in Indian, In East Asia, and in North America and it was collected by S.R.G. The term “Multiple Modernities” is not as common as “the clash of civilization” however, many theorist that agrees on this term in order to criticize the theory of modernity. So this article was written in order to challenges the idea of how the world has changed over time. The authors argued that we need to reconsider the definition of modernity because these theories and idea about modernity had been put a long time age. Eisenstadt agreed on the idea of multiple modernity and his definition of modernity does not include “Westernization” because they are not the same. Modernity in U.S was discussed by Bjorn Wittrock. Wittrock linked modernity to the political revolution, and he said that U.S modernization can’t be held as a measurement to other societies. Whereas modernity in the Soviet Union was discussed by Wittrock. He said that although the Soviet was communism, he believed that it