This is reiterated by Howe (2011) that, poor emotional attachment of a parent can have significant impact on a child and can affect parent-child relationship and a child’s…
Throughout this essay I will be discussing the significance of attachment theory for social work practitioners and how they can implement this to develop emotional functioning with younger children. In addition I will examine how the theory has changed and progressed since John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth first “attempts to examine the psychological effects of early relationships” ( Goldberg,2000, pg3) to more contemporary approach such as Michael Rutter’s book on “Maternal Deprivation reassessed” critiquing Bowlby and the development in neuroscience. Attachment theory can be defined as a “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings” (Bowlby 1969, p. 194). John Bowlby, “a British psychoanalyst’ work attempted to understand the…
As a current family studies student, choosing Marriage and Family therapy was obvious. Already having a recapitulation of Marriage and family, it interest me to delve into this particular discipline. Family in particular, is a very important structure to a society. Getting specific with family, the way families “functions ensures a society survival” (Parson and Bales, 1995 and p. 6). One of the ways society’s survival is established is by the upbringing or the socialization of children.…
Attachment is a basic need of every human. For a close and intimate relationship between infants and their caregiver's attachment is the most important factor. Responsive and contingent parenting produces secure attachment with children and those children who show more curiosity, self-reliance, and independence. Securely attached children also tend to become more resilient and competent adults. Whereas, the children who do not experience a secure attachment with their caregivers might have difficulty getting along with others and they are unable to develop a sense of confidence or trust in others.…
When it came to important matters, such as sexuality, dating, violence in relationships, and finances, both of my parents took on the role of talking to us equally. Both of my parents always let my brother and I know that they would love us no matter what sexual orientation, a “preference for sexual parents of the same sex, the opposite sex, both sexes, or neither sex,” we were (Benokraitis, 2015). This made my brother and I feel very comfortable because we knew that we could talk to our parents about sexuality if we ever needed to. With that said, however, I do not remember a specific time where our parents gave us the “sex talk,” and even though we never received that talk from them we did receive it in other places like health class.…
There are four major types of attachment secure attachment, and the other three avoidant attachment, resistant attachment, and disorganized (disoriented) attachment are forms of insecure attachment. Secure attachment is a relationship in which infants have formed a bond of trust and dependency with their mothers. This means that "the baby may or may not cry when the mother leaves, but when she returns the baby wants to be with her- if the baby is crying, it stops" (Kail & Cavanaugh, Chapter 5: Entering the Social World. In Essentials of Human Development, p. 128). Avoidant attachment is a relationship in which after a brief separation, infants turn away from their mother when they are reunited.…
Reactive attachment disorder is also characterized by possible episodes of sadness, fear, irritability or even anger that occur in nonthreatening situations with adult caregivers (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p 265). During positive interactions with caregivers, children diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder have a difficult time expressing positive emotions. It is believed that children who suffer from this disorder may be able to make selective attachments with…
When beginning this intervention there is a thorough and comprehensive evaluation completed to determine the early developmental history and notate the risk factors that caused the child to have attachment issues to begin with. In this particular intervention the children are scored on a scale of 1-108, if the child scores less than 60 they are not considered to be eligible for attachment therapy (Howe & Fearnley, 1999). This intervention includes many different elements, but two elements that are beneficial to the treatment are the cognitive restructuring of emotional experiences and therapeutic holding. Therapeutic holding is when the child experiences close, strong, compassionate, and stable physical and emotional relationship (Howe & Fearnley, 1999).…
Children are like Kitchen-Aid mixer, they need attachments to function at the best of their ability. Attachments are the key necessity to a child's development, without any attachments children tend to become frightened, withdrawn and unable to develop speech. Along with this the children can be at risk for physical, psycholgical and social problems. Their serotonin levels can be altered due to a lack of attachment as well.…
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is a very complicated and misunderstood disorder. Even Though it is considered uncommon it is a completely serious disorder. It occurs when a child has suffered from abuse and neglect. Although a child may be loved and cared for after neglect, Reactive Attachment Disorder affects a child’s mental and emotional health, because of the lack of love, the child finds it hard to emotionally connect with another, and they can develop disruptive or aggressive behavior.…
Researchers, Carlson, Hostinar, Mliner, and Gunnar (2014) examined the formation of attachment in post-institutionalized (PI) infants and their adoptive parents following early social deprivation. The sample was comprised of 65 (PI) toddlers with their parents at 1-3 and 7-9 months post-adoption who were compared to 52 non-adopted (NA) infants. Each parent-child dyad were instructed to participate in a 1.5 hour laboratory sessions at 1-3 and 7-9 months post-adoption. The sessions were videotaped and consisted of 10 segments: a 10-min Disinhibited Social Approach procedure, in which the parent was discouraged from interacting with the child and the experimenter was present, being neutral initially but increasingly friendly; a modified Strange…
Psychological theories focus on the instinctive and psychological qualities of those who abuse. It is abnormalities that the individual abuser is responsible for abuse, for example, abusive parents may themselves have been abuse in childhood (Corby 2000). Attachment theory comes from the work of Bowlby (1951) who carried out research into the nature and effects of maternal lack on young children. He theorized that any significant separation of a child from the mother in the first five years of life could lead to a variety of psychological and social difficulties in later life since proper bonding and attachment to the mother was crucial if a child was to benefit from physical protection and psychological security. Until the mid 1980s, attachment…
Attachment disorder is a disorder where the child has the conflict of not being able to show any sort of affection to their parent at times this can be difficult because this can cause problems throughout the person's life. This disorder can happen to children that have parents as well as foster children. The disorder is caused by the feeling of insecurity with their parents or caused by the death of their parents. It can also be caused by the abandonment of a child that was forced into a foster home where they did not treat the child humanely. According to Albus & Dozier,”’young children in the foster care system, who face threats far beyond the experiences of normal childhood’”…
No matter what the case is, attachment theories are always useful to consider when studying child…
Able et al. (2001) have conducted research on various sleeping arrangements in different ethnic groups; Pakeha, Maori, Pacific people which include Tongan, Samoan, Cook Islander and Niuean with their infants under 12 month in New Zealand. This essay focuses on the comparison in infant sleeping arrangements among different culture. Moreover, further discussion of attachment theory in which mainly focusing on Ainsworth (1979) research findings and a hypothesis on relationships between maternal behavior and infant behavior with its effect on various sleeping arrangements.…