Analysis Of Apricot

Improved Essays
Raw material: Two sweet varieties of Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.) namely Marghulam and Halman fully ripened fruits were collected from Gilgit Baltistan region in Northern Areas of Pakistan. Apricots were sun dried under open condition (26-34+4 C, RH 41-52%) for 16-19 days. The sun dried Apricots were packed in polyethylene bags containing 01Kg of dried fruit. Further The dried samples obtained were ground to a fine powder and stored at 5°C in air-tight containers prior to further analysis.
Sample Preparation: Grounded samples of 10 g were extracted using 70% of ethanol (100 mL 1:10 w/v)) twice at room temperature for 24h and 6 h respectively. The mixture obtained were subsequently filtered with Whatman No. 5 filter paper. Filtrate obtained
…show more content…
Defatted and dried sample (2.0 g) was ground separately and refluxed with 20.0 ml of 80% ethyl alcohol for 6.0 h. The extracts was filtered and made up to 25 ml. The samples (0.2 and 0.4 ml) and standard glucose (0.2-1.0 ml from 0.1mg/ml D-glucose stock) were taken in a series of test tubes and the volume was made up to 1.0 ml. A reagent blank was prepared by taking 1.0 ml water alone. Anthrone reagent (0.5g anthrone and 10g thiourea, in 1L 66% H2SO4) was added to all test tubes to a final volume of 5.0 ml and heated in a 90°C water bath for 15 min. The blue color developed was read at 620 nm in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer against the reagent blank. The amounts of soluble carbohydrates in samples were calculated from the glucose standard …show more content…
Samples were grinded to powder and passed through 0.5mm sieve. Sample were defatted and crude protein was estimated (Awan & Rahman, 2006) to determine the sample quantity taken for amino acid analysis. Diluted hydrochloric acid was used for Free amino extraction. Nitrogenous macromolecules that were co-extracted were precipitated using sulfosalicylic acid and removed by filtration. A mixture of performic acid and phenol was used for Oxidation at 0°C. Hydrolysates of the sample were then adjusted to pH 2.2 using 7.5M sodium hydroxide sol. Amino acid analyzer based on ion exchange chromatography was used to separate amino acids. Amino acids were determined by Post column derivatization of amino acids with ninhydrin and photometric detection was taken at 570 nm and 440 nm for

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Elizabeth Lee James Poland CHEM 104A 21 September 2014 Discussion and Conclusion of Experiment #4: States of Matter Sleuth Discussion The results of this experiment enabled the experimenter to determine the identity of an unknown salt (#3) using ion-exchange chromatography by analyzing the inorganic salts of the unknown salt, which can be examined by acid-base titration using ion-exchange resin. The stationary phase is made up of acid groups which will attach to the resin, which is then rinsed down the column with water. The mobile phase contains the inorganic salt dissolved in a solvent, which is then added to the column. As it goes down the column, an exchange of H+ ions and cations occur. The solution collected at the bottom of the column contains the acid form of the inorganic salt.…

    • 539 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Experiment 11: Peptides and Amino Acids The purpose of this experiment was to study the amino acid composition of artificial sweeteners and then observe simple acid and base catalyzed reactions of the amino acid and artificial sweetener aspartame. This was achieved by performing a TLC analysis using ninhydrin as an indicator to observe the composition of the amino acid as well as two of the components that make up aspartame. This is followed by the addition of an acid or base to aliquots of diet sodas to examine the resulting reactions and compare them to a known hydrolyzed aspartame sample. The most common method of synthesizing amides is through the reaction of a primary or secondary amine with a carboxylic acid derivative.…

    • 882 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Macromolecules Lab

    • 1232 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Types of Macromolecules Lab Report Name: Drasti Patel ID #: 20575017 Partner: Sijia Luo Course: BIOL 130L – 019 Tuesday, 7:30 Room # 151 TA: Ashutosh Patel, Doshina Naila Date of Experiment: September 16, 2014 Date of Submission: September 23, 2014 Introduction: The objective of this lab experiment is to identify different macromolecules by carrying out three different tests such as iodine test, Benedict’s test and the biuret test. These three tests are going to examine different properties of macromolecules such as their bonds, and functional groups to identify the solution as one of the four macromolecules. The iodine test is used to determine the presence of polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen in the solution (Harisha, 2006).…

    • 1232 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    This enzyme will be eluted at high pH. The Bradford assay will be used to determine the protein concentration and the specific activity of the solutions containing the enzyme. Size-exclusion chromatography separates molecules…

    • 363 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Chromatography Of Lycopene

    • 6386 Words
    • 26 Pages

    A clear orange layer of Lycopene band formed at the beginning of the separation; however there were not enough pigments for collection. The band became more blurred when it reached the bottom. This was due to small amount of pigment obtained during filtration after drying. Iodine was added after examining the Lycopene sample using UV spectrum which was to Isomerise the Lycopene sample to mixture of both cis and trans Isomers.…

    • 6386 Words
    • 26 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Urine and serum samples were transferred to the Chemical Core Analysis Facility of the Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University. ZEA and its metabolites were measured using an HPLC-MS-MS technique. 0.25 mL sodium acetate buffer (pH=4.65) and 10 μL of β-glucuronidase from Helix pomatia were added into 1mL of urine or serum sample. The enzymatic deconjugation was conducted in a water bath at 37 °C overnight. Then liquid-liquid extraction was performed on a Visiprep™ DL SPE vacuum manifold to isolate analytes from urine or serum.…

    • 454 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    2,6-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)anthracene (D1) 2,6‐Dibromoanthracene (2.00 g, 6.46 mmol) 1, bis(pinacolato)diboron (4.16 g, 16.16 mmol), PdCl2 (dppf) (0.164 g, 26.38 mmol), and potassium acetate (KOAc) (2.5 g, 26.38 mmol) were added to a Schlenk flask and kept under vacuum for 10 min. Under an argon flow, anhydrous 1, 4‐dioxane (40 mL) was added to the resulting mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, heated at 80 °C, and further stirred for 20 h. The resulting mixture was quenched by adding water and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. After removing the solvent, a dark red solid was obtained,…

    • 1657 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Aluminum Foil Lab

    • 113 Words
    • 1 Pages

    In the first week, 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask contained 20 grams of dissolved sucrose in 200 mL of room temperature water. 0.30 grams Pasteur’s salts and 0.20 grams of dried yeast were added into the mixture separately, as the Erlenmeyer flask gently moved in a swirled motion to mix the substances. Aluminum foil was lightly crimped over the opening of the Erlenmeyer flask, and fermented for two weeks. When time is up, 6 mL of the solution was placed into a vial. The fraction distillation was performed using a 250 mL round bottomed flask; 20 mL of solution was collected per three fractions.…

    • 113 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Six apricots; two ripe mangoes; one cup of reduced-fat milk; one-fourth teaspoon of vanilla extract; eight ice cubes; and a hint of lemon peel twists. Put these all together, mix and match them in a bowl, and then crush the ice cubes by hand then into a blender. As complicated and misconstrued as recipes for uber-healthy organic foods may be, as suggested by this “Apricot-Mango Madness” smoothie, in a similar way, academia and the media have presented an even more complex philosophy of healthy eating across the country. For the past couple of decades, American society has strived to achieve a more healthy and fit lifestyle that includes organic, fresh, and local produce to avoid the risks linked with eating processed foods. Yet, despite increased…

    • 1220 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Vertebrate Lab Report

    • 823 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The first well was filled with a protein standard to identify protein separation during gel electrophoresis and to estimating the molecular weight of sample proteins. The gel was run for an hour in at a voltage of 108V, after which the gel was stained using Coomassie Blue dye. Figure 3 represents an image taken after the gel was stained and rinsed in distilled water.…

    • 823 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    DNA Extraction A three millimeter square piece sample of unknown thawed tissue was selected using sterilized equipment. The A17 sample was placed in a steril in a 1.5mL Eppendorf tube. The cell membrane of the unknown meat was then broken down and the DNA was extracted by using the animal tissue extraction kit, Qiagen #69506. The final Eppendorf tube contained the DNA from A17 and was stored at -20 oC until gel electrophoresis.…

    • 776 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Bacteria Lab Report

    • 343 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Weigh out 16.80 grams of agar nutrient powder. Then add and dissolve agar nutrient powder in conical flask containing 600 ml of the deionise water. Both these flask are autoclave and sterilise at temperature of 121 ℃ about 20 minutes at 1 atmosphere pressure. After the autoclave is done for these flask containing the agar nutrient, it will be let cool to 50 ℃. The mixture is swirl throughly to mix agar and nutrients.…

    • 343 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this lab, benzoic acid, benzocaine, and 9-fulorenone are isolated from a three-component mixture by using the acid-base extraction and other following types of various extraction techniques. An acid-base reaction is utilized in order to isolate the individual species from the mixture. First, in isolating the base benzocaine, proton transfers occurred via reaction with hydrochloric acid, which led to a significant shift in the polarity of the said compound, although the conjugate acid of benzocaine formed as a result. Due to the change in polarity, the state of benzocaine shifted from being solubilized in diethyl ether to water.…

    • 542 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Strange Fruit Analysis

    • 1030 Words
    • 4 Pages

    What kinds of fruits emanated to your mind when the word ‘strange’ comes before it? In the song “Strange Fruit” the singer of the song sings about some rather strange fruit. The singer is an African American, female Jazz singer called Billie Holiday. “Strange Fruit” was released during 1939 in the time where segregation was still pretty big in the south. Lynching had been happening for a few years before the song was released.…

    • 1030 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Historical uses The word "pomegranate" (Punica granatum) is Latin for "fruit of many seeds. " The pomegranate is a little deciduous tree or big shrub that bears fruit, the Punica granatum. It is a superfood with much history. Pomegranates can be traced back as early as 4000 BC.…

    • 1396 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays