The Civil War was the darkest and bloodiest period in American history with 620,000 lives lost. After it’s end America needed a period of rebuilding, Reconstruction. Reconstruction lasted throughout the U.S. from 1865 to 1877. Who, the North or South, put an end to America’s reassembly in 1877? The South killed Reconstruction through violent, political, and social conflicts.…
In 1866, one year following the civil war, Memphis broke out suddenly and dramatically with a three-day outbreak of racial violence. This included the whites rioting through neighborhoods that consisted of black people. Forty-six freed people were murdered by the moment the fires destroying black churches and schools had been put out. Congress was irate at the fact white opposition in the conquered South initiated what was called the Radical Reconstruction. This was a policy put in place to safeguard the freedom of the region’s blacks.…
During the antebellum time period in the south, many black slaves were subject to a tremendous amount of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse by their owners. Almost every time a harsh and violent slave owner is talked about, it is assumed that it is a white man inflicting all of the violence and torture. Although that is true that white male slave owners did impost a lot of this violence, they were not alone. It has recently been shed to light that female slave owners were just as violent, if not more violent than their male counterparts. In Thavolia Glymph’s work Out of the House of Bondage: The Transformation of the Plantation Household, she gives empirical evidence that white women in the South were more cruel than many historians had made them out to be.…
Brown, Irene Quenzler and Richard D. Brown. The Hanging of Ephraim Wheeler: A Story of Rape, Incest, and Justice in Early America. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.…
The majority of African American males were accused and lynched for allegedly raping white women. Whites claimed that the Negroes needed to be killed in order to avenge their assaults of white women. In her essay Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases, Wells writes that, “Nobody in this section of the country believes the old thread bare lie that Negro men rape white women… A conclusion will then be reached which will be very damaging to the moral reputation of their women” (52). To the disgrace of whites, many of the so-called “rapes” were actually consensual.…
The author shares his research in which he finds that “more than four thousand racial terror lynchings between 1877 and 1950 in those twelve states, eight hundred more than had been previously reported” (p.3, para, 14). We see that racial terror lynching used a weapon against the black people, specifically. The hidden purpose is to maintain the white authority and n majority as well. These practices raise a question mark to the criminal justice system in the country. These lynchings were viewed as a celebrating event which ensures the white supremacy in the…
My Topic is about something you may have not heard about before. But if you did you would be found with a look of disgust and sadness possibly anger. Because you would see what they did to a man name Will Brown. In Omaha, the trouble began on September 25, when a white woman, Agnes Loebeck, reported that she was assaulted by a black man. " The most daring attack on a white woman ever perpetrated in Omaha occurred one block south of Bancroft Street near Scenic Avenue in Gibson last night.…
“The Struggle for Black Equality” by Harvard Sitkoff, summarizes the key elements in the fight for the civil rights of African Americans from 1954-1980. The book was set up in chronological order, each chapter embodying the new step to gain equality. The first chapter is titled “Up from slavery,” it consists of the small actions that took place slowly to assure the equal rights. By the end of the first chapter, the concept of equal rights was introduced more prominently, opening people's eyes to the problem. Nevertheless, there was still doubt in the system and people who did not agree.…
The Scottsboro Trials The Scottsboro Trials was an affair done by nine African American males who allegedly raped two innocent white women, and they were tried for their act. The raping of the women, whose names were Victoria Price and Ruby Bates, took place on a train from Chattanooga, Tennessee to Memphis, Tennessee on March 25, 1931. A quote about this can be portrayed as, “Two dozen or so, mainly male-and mainly young-whites and blacks, rode the Southern Railroad's Chattanooga to Memphis freight on March 25, 1931” (Linder). The nine African American boys were called the “Scottsboro Boys” because they were arrested in Scottsboro, Tennessee.…
In 1964, a giant step was taken by the people of America. Segregation was abolished and the hope for racial equality, in all senses, was high. Unfortunately, this giant step toward equality was not enough to actually get there. Many people of color face injustice to this day and biases based on the color of a person’s skin often determine where they end up in life. Walter Dean Myers writes about a 16-year old boy named Steve Harmon who is on trial for murder.…
Not only did Roosevelt advocate the ‘square deal,’ but he was known as the ‘trust-buster’. Trusts were the merging of big companies, monopolies, to control the marketing of certain products. In 1890, he upheld the Sherman Anti-trust Act, passed by Harrison, which made trusts/ monopolies illegal. However, it was initially misused against unions.…
Laura Wexler the author of “Fire in a Canebrake” gives a very detailed nonfictional narrative of an event which is proclaimed to be the last mass lynching in American history. Wexler shines some light on the part of American history that isn’t talked about as much, the Civil Rights era. The author captivates the thin line of racial tension as well as racial ignorance that can be felt throughout everyday life in most rural cities in the south. The book takes place in Monroe, Georgia, a rural city that is roughly forty miles east of Atlanta. The city of Monroe from what Wexler has written is no different than any other rural town in America in 1946.…
In 1875, Congress attempted to establish a semblance of racial equality by enacting a law that made it illegal to deprive another person of the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyance, and other places of public amusement on account of race. In a number of cases, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not authorize Congress to legislate against discriminatory state action, while disregarding discrimination by private individuals, including the owners of restaurants. This point led to an end of federal efforts to protect the civil rights of African Americans until the mid-twentieth century.…
Racism has existed since the early 1600s when African Americans were first brought to America against their will to work as slaves. It wasn’t until the Civil Rights Movement, beginning in 1955, that the lives of African Americans started to transform and the U.S. Supreme Court began to terminate “Jim Crow” laws and ban segregation (“Civil Rights Movement,” n.d.). The main goal of eradicating segregation was to reach what is known as “racial equality”, which is the balance between all the races making everyone equal. Since the Civil Right Movement, our country has continued to make steps of improvement including, swearing in our nation’s first black president and the fact that black people and white people are now able to go to the same school.…
I have shown that due to the fact of skin color, one is more likely to be pulled over and serve a longer sentence than that of a non-Hispanic White man. I have shown there is inequality structured within the structure. I have broken it down into three separate races describing what they are most convicted for, how long they are sentenced, and how long they serve their sentence. Racial inequality does exist. This inequality stems from the time of slavery when diversity was not accepted.…