Racial Contract By Charles Mills

Improved Essays
In his work on analyzing the racial contract, African-American philosopher Charles Mills points out a very dangerous feature where many of the current mainstream textbooks shared: they intentionally choose to ignore or failed to emphasis the role that race factors played throughout history. He argues that since most of the educational materials that we are using have been strongly influenced by the white dominated culture, therefore, it is no surprise to see that we are programmed to study racial contents in limited terms through a narrow angle. Mills claims the “white privilege” has indirectly manipulate and discourage us from thinking outside of the box and that we were stuck in understating social aspects of our lives in a pre-fixed environment: …show more content…
These ideologies, as Mills suggested, are the products of a particular culture’s supremacy, driven by the troublesome beliefs considering that the more technical advanced societies have the obligation to transform the other not so “fortunate” states. Thought originally, the motives of this Western-lead initiative was perhaps generated by pure kindness, yet history has taught us that in numerous cases, they all ended up in the same place that is less glorious and peaceful: colonialism. Repeatedly, the white dominated culture characterized and associates the nonwhites as if they are the ones that live in the dark, the “jungle” or the “wasteland.” If for anything, this short reading functioned as a wake up call to help me realize the difficulties that scholars might endure to break out his or her own shell against the established common perspectives that we are familiar with, and just how important it is for us to keep an open mind on the conflicting arguments that are purposed by scholars. It is alarming to imagine the potential flaws that those political philosophies, endorsed by the white dominated culture, could have carried and delivered to the general public years after …show more content…
” What is more, he insist that: “racism itself [is] a political system, a particular power structure of formal or informal rule, socio-economic privilege, and norms for the differential distribution of material wealth and opportunities, benefits and burdens, rights and duties.” Indeed, I agree that it is preciously the “political correctness” that prevented us to further improve and assist the academic community to make radical progresses on introducing new relevant theories that include racial contracts. Simultaneously, I wonder if we are already too settled in a frustrating system whereas the “racism” is in “drag”: “as status quo which is deep angry eradicated from view but that continues to make people avoid the phantom as they did the substance”. Then again, why are we so afraid and hesitate to ask and think more broadly? Could it be that we naturally felt more comfortable to conduct our studies with the given information rather than testing their authenticity in a different social and political

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    As an influential female writer during the Romantic period, Mary Robinson had decided to shed light upon the controversial issue of slavery through her persuasive narrative poetry and wanted to express a humane viewpoint upon the ancient cruel practice. Robinson was considered to be one of the best-known writers of the 18th century and devoted much of her work to the anti-slavery movement. In one of her most powerful poems “The African” she had used prevailing as well as aggressive language to undermine and critique the practice of slavery. Mary Robinson herself was deeply angered by the brutal attitudes that the white population enforced upon the African people of Britain and was appalled by the idea that the white race is superior toward…

    • 787 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    While we take a look at the article written by E. Benjamin Skinner about “People for Sale.” One would pause in the second paragraph and think to themselves, wait is this author really telling me how to buy a slave? As the individual would read on, one would realize yes that is exactly what he is saying. Although this article is four years of research, Skinners trying to get the point across that, “today there are more slaves than any time in human history” (“People for Sale”). Human Trafficking not only affects the victims, but also the people around them. Their captors and pimps treat victims of human Trafficking as anything but human. Human Sex Trafficking is a crime that exploits women, men and children…

    • 1641 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    In this world today, there is a major problem called racism. Racism is the tenet that all bodies of each race retain characteristics specific to that race, exclusively to distinguish as inferior to other races. It is not a new problem; racism has persisted for a multitude of years. The subject of racism is an irritable topic nowadays. Multiple vicious and gory riots and protests arise because people select to be racist. Racism is dividing this beautiful and peaceful country slowly but certainly. However, it does not only prevail in the United States. It can be recognized innumerable times throughout history all over the world.…

    • 1550 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    157). In How White Teachers Construct Race, Sleeter (1993) argues that teachers themselves bring issues of race to the classroom, echoing the life history construction that Jupp (2013) examines in his work. In a very asserting stance, Sleeter (1993) suggest that “a predominantly white teaching force in a racist and multicultural society is not good for anyone, if we wish to have schools reverse rather than reproduce racism” (p. 157). Moreover, education alone cannot provide a solution, given the basic race domination that is propagated in consequence of institutions being white dominated (Sleeter, 1993, p. 158). This provides a conundrum, or what I view as a cycle, where the white race holds access to and defines the system, essentially determining what is acceptable for that system, and thus institutionally prevent access to the system by minority…

    • 1032 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Character Analysis 42

    • 1570 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Racism is something that has been studied for many years, however we don’t truly know why it happens or where it comes from. There are many theories of racism that give different ideas of where it has come from. In her book, Towards the Elimination of Racism (Katz. 2013.), Phyllis Katz describes how there are several major categories of racism. Katz splits the major categories into two separate parts, the first being “victim-system control” and the second being “degree of embeddedness”. As we focus on her theory of “victim-system” control, Katz describes it as, “the extent to which a theory locates the root or cause of racial injustice: as within the environmental control of its primary victims or within the larger social structure.” The author continues by talking about how minorities really don’t have the same abilities as whites to control, order, or alter their own life chances. She explains in this theory that because of differences in community or culture, whites often are born with much better “chances” than those of color. In An American Dilemma (Myrdal. 1995.), Gunnar Myrdal talks about how there is something called the “White man’s Problem” (p. lxxxiii). Myrdal continues and says that the “negro problem” isn’t a problem from the blacks themselves, rather it is a problem from the whites because “practically all the economic, social, and political power is held by the whites” (p.lxxxiii). He ends by saying “The Negro’s entire life, and, consequently also his opinions on the Negro problem, are in the main, to be considered as secondary reactions to more primary pressures from the side of the dominant white majority” (p.lxxxiii). These ideas by Katz and Myrdal are seen from the very beginning of film, when Jackie’s negro league team stops to fill up their bus with gas. During this time, Jackie goes to use a bathroom, but the white man tells…

    • 1570 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “The Racial Contract” depicts Charles Mills’ radical perspective on racism as the foundation of the social contract. The core of Locke’s political thought is exposed, heavily linked to domination and exploitation. Racial roots of the social contract evoke global division and the existence of full/sub-persons. Mills rejects and challenges Locke’s conventional contract theory by acknowledging racism as the linchpin of the social contract, rather than an unintended consequence of imperfect man. His critique recognizes covert power roots of racism within the political system that, formally and informally dictate socioeconomic privileges. Historical events depict a continued nature of exploitation as Mills utilizes the racial contract to place racial…

    • 1442 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Drawing on Herbert Spencer’s concept of “survival of the fittest,” many Americans and western Europeans declared themselves superior to nonwhite peoples of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Claiming their arguments with racist studies claiming to demonstrate scientifically the “racial” superiority of white Protestants, imperialists claimed a “natural right” of conquest and world domination .…

    • 821 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    This construction allows racism, the set of institutions, cultural and interpersonal patterns and practices that create advantages for people legally defined as “white”. In my opinion, there are patterns of racial inequality that continue to exist that hinder the U.S.’s ability for diversity and equality. I think this because racism is so deeply embedded in the nation’s history because it was what this country was built upon. Throughout time, racism is simply reinvented, and has become more subtle and not so forthcoming, but always perpetuating social disadvantages. Up until very recently, did the U.S. attempt to become a “post-racial” society, however, a lack of repatriation and concession makes transitioning to an all-encompassing society all the more difficult. For example, the authors provide a brief snapshot overview of the history of racism in the U.S., and surmise that the rationalization of racial advantage for “whites” versus the slanderous condemnation of “non-whites,” and immigrants, and allowed for policies to shape life across America until the…

    • 1037 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    The study emerged way back in the 1970’s, via post Civil Rights era, which was expected to be clean of racial antagonists. (Crawford 111). This theory was commonly used during the investigation of Rodney King showing that he was in fact oppressed. The creator of the Critical Race Theory, Derrick Bell, said that “oppressors are neither neatly divorceable from one another nor amendable to strict organization” (Crawford 112). He has divided the theory into several subdivisions including a questioning of the dominant belief system/status quo; the centrality of experiential knowledge; and a multidisciplinary perspective. a commitment to social justice; the primacy of race and racism and their intersectionality with other forms of subordination. These different areas help the scholars very deeply investigate the unseen problems by a larger society that contribute to racism as a…

    • 1917 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Charles Mills’ first words in his book The Racial Contract, were “white supremacy is the unnamed political system that has made the world what it is today” (Mills, Pg. 1). With that one statement, Mills eluded to an idea that most people had previously chosen to ignore. The fact that he called it “unnamed” is important because Mills critiques the social contracts of multiple well known political theorists in order to prove that they have all in their own ways tactfully excluded non-white races from consideration in the establishment of their social contracts. It is unnamed because it is very difficult to see unless someone is looking for it as Charles Mills did. Charles Mills’ critique that Thomas Hobbes’ social contract only considered white people is convincing because he identifies the different states of nature that Hobbes reserved for white and non white people, he makes people question what Hobbes really means when he refers to “people,” and he effectively twists the text in order to compliment his argument.…

    • 1406 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Many people assume that whenever the topic of racism or ethnic discrimination comes up, the discussion would be solely regarding opposing races. Surprisingly, in Hsiang’s and Staples’ written experience it was quite often the opposite effect. In their narratives, Hsiang and Staples convey that it is a myth that racism only occurs outside of one's race. It emphasises ‘only’ to show that indeed racism transpires inside the race as much as or more than outside of the race. As Hsiang recounts from her personal experience, “Most of the students told of being discriminated against and marginalized by members of their own ethnic groups” (Hsiang 342). While some differences between African Americans and Asians are evident, the similarities are salient.…

    • 745 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Europe’s peoples perceived their success as an example of their superiority and their superiority to be exemplified in their success. From this malignant viewpoint, Mills contends the whites elevated themselves into a separate entity whose history was both more important and determinant over the fate of all other peoples considered lesser. If not white, the nonwhite Other is predisposed as inferior and unable to possess moral prowess. It is this blindness of the concept itself that hinders the white cognizer from seeing what is before them. He connects past overt racist behavior into the present day by developing the theory that current efforts to promote “color blindness” refuse to recognize the structures of oppression that allow consequent privileges for white individuals throughout all levels of society and corroborate a fundamental denial of the interconnectedness which the components of knowing and non-knowing depend upon. The author highlights the collective social memory of white society, comprised of countless individual doxastic cognitions being just as much alive as the individual cognizers who experience these occurrences. Therefore, promoting racelessness does not strengthen our common memory; instead selecting to forget past atrocities committed against peoples of color fosters a social amnesia in which people of all ethnic groups are directly conflicted by epistemic ignorance of one another. Mills concludes his argument on page 35 when he adduces the active process of knowing by which whites use as a tool to safeguard the ignorance which for so long has protected the masses from the true struggles of people of color whom for racially inspired reasons are discriminated against whether or not our society chooses to recognize…

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this book Between the World and Me, Ta-Nehisi Coates reveals “in America, it is traditional to destroy the black body---it is heritage” (Coates 103). Coates uses words “destroy the black body” and “heritage” to provoke his audiences. This use of rhetoric conveys his strong message of African Americans live under injustice and discrimination for a very long time. This “heritage” can be traced back to the Colonial Era when enslaved Africans were forced to work in the plantation due to the triangular trade (Globe Fearon American History). In the triangular trade, Africans were brought to America and became properties of landowners, most of whom were whites. Because landowners considered blacks as their properties, it was rational to strip African Americans’ rights and “destroy their bodies.” This inherited and orthodox view results in the racism within black community by taking advantage of African American’ rights. Therefore, Coates concludes that “race is the child of racism, not the father” (Coates 7). This quote implies Americans have a traditional idea on what African Americans used to be, so that it causes white people feel blacks are different from them. Due to the belief of race diversity, whites consider it is acceptable to neglect African Americans’ rights, which leads to discriminate blacks nowadays.…

    • 895 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Racial Formation Theory

    • 750 Words
    • 3 Pages

    While this problem affects all racial minorities, the most pressing issue raised by these scholars is the history of slavery, forced labor, and systematic disenfranchisement and exclusion experienced by African Americans that has never been addressed to the fullest possible extent. A new theoretical conceptualization of race and racism that challenges neoliberal racism with both ideological transformation and macro-(or state-)level socioeconomic structural changes is needed to effectively address this legacy of racial oppression. Focusing exclusive on either the ideology or material inequality will eventually allow room for newly mutated form of racism to thrive as it has happened with the development of neoliberalism and new political conservative rhetoric since the civil rights…

    • 750 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    From as early as kindergarten, history has been taught to children in classrooms all across the world. In western civilization, specifically the United States, that history can often be construed, or biased in favor of those telling it. The issue with this is that the bias is often never mentioned, nor challenged, as students across all grades never really challenge what is taught in their classrooms. They don’t question that the people writing the textbook may have a political agenda, or that their teachers themselves have their own biases which they integrate into their own curriculum. The book African Origin of Civilization by Cheikh Anta Diop, challenges a common belief that white people are responsible for the beginnings of Western Civilization.…

    • 1043 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays