German professor of medicine Johann Friedrich Blumenbach presented one of the race-based classifications in “On the Natural Variety of Mankind”. In the second edition Blumenbach changed his original geographically based four-race arrangement to a five-group. One that emphasized physical morphology, the study of the form of an organism. Blumenbach’s five categories were: Caucasian, the white race; Mongolian, the yellow race; Malayan, the brown race; Ethiopian, the black race; and American, the red race. Although he engaged geographical names for his categories, the change marked a shift from geography to physical
