To study and quantify the RPE wound healing in response to an acute or chronic wounding condition, we introduced one electrical treatment every day for ten days and measured the time for cells to regain 10% and 90% of the maximum impedance for each treatment. As illustrated in Fig. 1A, time for cells to reach 10% maximum can indicate the point where cells start to heal the wound; the period for cells to reach 10% and 90% maximum can represent the rate for cells to repair the wound. After the first treatment (an acute condition), bystander cells took average 7.7 hours to reach 10% maximum impedance and another average 12.2 hours to reach 90% maximum impedance. The duration for cells to recover gradually decreased with the daily treatment (Fig.
