The Criminal Act, Co-Principals Equally Guilty

Great Essays
The Writing Assignment (WA) contains the following four chapter topics: The criminal act, co-principals equally guilty, attempts to commit a crime, encounters and detentions. This WA also contains the following three classroom activities: Pomona video, Nicaragua Court video, and “Gonis gang bank robbery.”
Four Chapter Topics: The first chapter topic is the criminal act. According to the authors, an act is simply defined as “an effect produced through conscious exertion of will” (Hunt and Rutledge, 39). The act and the punishments vary depending on the crime that is committed. Crimes are punished based on how serious is the crime and the defendant, which can result as a misdemeanor or felony. The incident that occurred in the city of Santa
…show more content…
The authors state “temporary detention for questioning” (Hunt and Rutledge, 87). This is when a police officer makes contact with a citizen and interacts with them for temporary detention. The police officer will determine whether if the person is free to leave and go on their way. As stated by authors, “traffic stop is an example of temporary detention” (Hunt and Rutledge, 89). For instance, in New Jersey, a fugitive got arrested after a traffic stop. Officers stopped the vehicle after observing “a couple traffic violations,” according to the authorities of the New Jersey Police. While conducting the traffic stop one of the officer smelled marijuana from inside the vehicle. The two occupants gave consent to a search. One of the officer found a golf-ball size bag of heroin, which lead to a length of detention because they have articulable suspicion that something is going to be committed. Also, both occupants lied about their identity and later it came up to be a wanted suspect various charges such as: robbery conspiracy, kidnapping, unlawful possession of a weapon and aggravated assault. As a result, officers arrested and booked both occupants of possession with intent to deliver heroin and conspiracy to deliver heroin. Consensual encounter is important because officers engage with citizens of the public which can lead to any evidence based on the temporary detention

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Police have probable cause to arrest passengers in a vehicle where an illegal substance are found, as the presence of drugs allows reasonable officers to conclude that probable causes exist that a crime has been committed in their presence. Due to the small and contained area of a vehicle it is reasonable to assume that all occupants have knowledge or possession of the illegal…

    • 659 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Synopsis On January 18, 1997 officers from Metropolitan Toronto Police Force organized a command post that included a lookout station in an area where there was known to be illegal drug activity. The Police Force set up their post approximately 70 feet away from a Subway sandwich shop in an abandoned building that was across the street. By the use of a telescope Constable Theriault, saw the appellant who was a black male that was inside the shop. Constable Theriault had a clear view inside of the shop of the black male making transactions with persons that entered the shop and left receiving a substance from the appellant.…

    • 1138 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Holding: No. The actions of Officer Turek did not violate the defendants Fourth Amendment rights to be free from unreasonable seizure. The reason for this is because the Fourth Amendment does not prohibit a warrantless arrest for a minor criminal offense. A seatbelt violation is considered a minor criminal offense by law and is punishable only by a fine, therefore the seizure was…

    • 376 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Name: Case brief assignment Prof: Minnesota v Dickerson, 508 U.S.3669 (1993) Facts of the case Two Minneapolis police officers were patrolling the North area of the city in a marked police car in the evening on November 9, 1989. There was the defendant, Timothy Dickerson, in a known drug zone. At around 8:15 p.m., one officer observed the defendant leaving a 12-unit apartment building along Morgan Avenue, a renowned drug sale premise.…

    • 1014 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Trooper Frigon then conducted a search of Coyle’s person incident to his arrest. Trooper Frigon located a small zip-locked bag containing a powdery residue in Coyle’s front pocket. Based on Trooper Frigon’s training as a Drug Recognition Expert and his extension interviews with drug users, he has learned that this “dime baggie” sized zip-locked bag was consistent with the manner in which illicit drugs are commonly packaged and distributed. Trooper Frigon also observed that the residue was consistent with the appearance of illicit substances. Coyle asserted that while the item looked like drugs, it was actually residual heartburn medication.…

    • 2282 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    R V Fearon Case Study

    • 1660 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Police authorities momentarily became involved. F and C were arrested incident to the locating of the vehicle. When the pat-down procedure was conducted on F, a cell phone was found and retained as evidence for the trial against the accused. The police subsequently conducted a search of the cell phone and once more within two hours of the arrest.…

    • 1660 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    On the evening of November 9th, 1989, while exiting an apartment building with a history of drug trafficking, Timothy Dickerson spotted police officers and turned to walk in the opposite direction. In response, the officers commanded Dickerson to stop and proceeded to frisk him. An officer discovered a lump in Dickerson’s pocket of his jacket, and, upon further investigation, the officer believed it to be cocaine wrapped in cellophane. The officer reached into Dickerson’s pocket and confirmed that the lump was a small bag of crack cocaine. Dickerson was charged with possession of a controlled substance.…

    • 263 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Two particular cases encompass scenarios where problems arose when police officers searched through the contents of cellphones without a warrant. In the first case, David Riley ran into a routine traffic stop for expired tags. When the police officer found out Riley’s license was suspended, the officer followed protocol and impounded Riley’s car. After an inventory search of the car, guns were found under the hood and Riley was arrested for concealed and loaded firearms.…

    • 942 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Ives Road Observation

    • 747 Words
    • 3 Pages

    P. Denoon retrieved two burnt metal cylinders, which in my experience are used to consume narcotics, from the driver's rearview mirror (evidence item E1). P. Denoon also retrieved a ½" by ½" zip-lock style baggie containing white powder substance consistent with Cocaine (E2), and a hand rolled suspected Marijuana Cigarette (E3). P. Denoon was then placed into custody. Both parties were advised of their Miranda Rights in full which they verbally waived.…

    • 747 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Darden Road Observation

    • 1443 Words
    • 6 Pages

    This investigation was turned over to Detective Griffith. Dispatch called me by phone and stated that Jamie and Heather stated that they are missing 2 bottles of Vapor juice. I told dispatch to call Deputy Griffith and ask him about these bottles. I told dispatch I left the office while Detective Griffith was talking to Lee Ann and Christian and I did not know if he told Deputy Griffith about the bottles.…

    • 1443 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Greenwood. Mr. Greenwood then posted bail, or a certain amount to be released from incarceration to insure court appearances, and was released from jail during the pendency of his criminal case. During this time the police received information that Mr. Greenwood was again using and selling drugs at his home. The police once again conducted a search of his trash and found evidence and received a second search warrant based on this evidence to search his home. Once inside they found more narcotics and Mr. Greenwood was arrested again.…

    • 561 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Supreme Court has defined “custody” with respect to custodial interrogations as a “‘formal arrest or restraint on freedom of movement’ of the degree associated with a formal arrest.” California v. Beheler, 463 U.S.…

    • 1316 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    About Stop, Question, and Frisk Stop, question, and frisk (SQF) is a tactics used in New York City by police officers to help lower crime rates. This tactic entails police officers to stop any suspicious person on the streets if they have reasonable suspicion about a crime that happened, is happening, or is about to happen and question the suspect. If the officer believes the suspect is armed and dangerous, they have the authority the do a quick pat-down of the suspect’s outer clothing to see if they have any weapons on them; this is known as frisking. “From the perspective of New York City police officials, these stops are essential to maintaining public safety. From the perspective of many citizens who are stopped by officers, the encounters…

    • 1276 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Essay On 4th Amendment

    • 671 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Nissan had stopped at a traffic light for a drawn out period of time - longer than the time it took the stoplight to change to green - restricting the path of the drivers behind the vehicle. Whren, who was in the Nissan, after the officers had tried scoping out the car after he had his attention drawn to his passenger seat, suddenly made a quick turn and drove down the street at illegal speeds, all without turning on a signal. The officers quickly pursued the Nissan. One officer got out of the car and, without a permit, searched Whren’s car. The officer found many illegal drugs hidden in the car in the passenger seat and around the car.…

    • 671 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    The man was spotted by Deputy Kyle Farley as he was patrolling Ditty Road when he observed a car out turn into a driveway on Ditty road. Farley tried to talk to the driver who identified himself as Ronald Black and he was carrying a passenger called William Post. A strong smell of alcohol was coming from both Post and Black. On closer scrutiny, a bag of pills were found, identified as morphine sulphate which Black claimed to be medication prescription. Post admitted to be under influence and was charged with public intoxication while Black was served with warrants for the eighth DUI, violation of implied consent law and possession of a controlled drug (Amburgey, 2014).…

    • 1147 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays