Gary L. Wells, the psychology expert, he pointed the victim or eyewitnesses will choose the person who is the most alike criminal based on the memory. Even though the real criminal’s photo is not in the photo lineup, an eyewitness would most likely pick up the most similar person through the memory. Because of the facial appearance’s similarity between Ronald Cotton and Bobby Poole such as the shape of the eyes, eyebrows, lip, and etcetera, Jennifer had chosen and mistaken Ronald Cotton who was in the lineup photo as the rapist to her case. Also, Wells explained eyewitness testimony is often unreliable and highly persuasive to the jury because of the witness could be genuinely mistaken and confidence.…
Also, memory schemas can affect eyewitness testimony. For example, as stated in Matlin’s Cognition (2012), past view point or schemas can affect present day perceptions. If an eyewitness consciously or unconsciously believes that a certain group of individual are more violent or are more likely to commit crimes than that schema can cloud their perception of the crime they witnessed. Cognitive psychology has extensive research on why eyewitness testimony is unreliable. Holloway’s argument could have been stronger if she incorporated some findings on eyewitness testimony by cognitive psychologists.…
Imagine your life was held in some else's hands. Them having the ability to throw it away in a cell, or let it be free and grow. You sitting across the room, knowing you did nothing wrong. How confident would you be they would make the right choice. Seventy percent of them would make the wrong choice.…
Many people tend to remember things that didn’t happen or remember them differently from the way they really and that is what we call false memories. This is something Elizabeth Lotus had studied about. She begins her debriefing by starting with a story of Steve Titus who was arrested back in 1980 because he had slightly matched a physical description, and drove a similar car, to a man who had raped a woman in the area. The police officer who had pulled him over had taken a picture of Titus and put it in a photo lineup experiment, they later showed it to the victim, which the police had informed consent, and she pointed to Titus’ photo saying, “That one’s the closest.” With that said, the police had Titus go into trial for rape.…
Eyewitness testimony that is done in the court allows the jury to hear the account of a crime from those not involved. Nevertheless, in court the eyewitness can recall everything they saw or witnessed. The way the eyewitness recalls their memory is the basis for the witness credibility influencing jury decisions. Also, when there is no DNA evidence, the eyewitness account is considered as compelling which allows evidence to be deemed as true. Inevitably, this is true when testimony is obtained directly after the incident or crime.…
Instead, the witness must reconstruct the event from memory, which allows the possibility of inaccuracy, even without law enforcement involvement. Despite evidence of flawed traditional eyewitness identifications, eyewitnesses are still used regularly for law enforcement as thousands of suspects are targeted each year based on eyewitness reports. As the U.S. Supreme Court has noted, "There is almost nothing more convincing than a live human being who takes the stand, points a finger at the defendant and says, 'That's the…
When crimes occur, police and investigative officers rely on eyewitness from people that were close to the crime scene. Eyewitnesses then rely on their memories of what occurred during the crime. An eyewitness recalls the event they might give the wrong information and details of what happened because our memories are not perfect and the identifications that eyewitness make can be fallible. Eye witness is important to investigators because they can identify suspects and provide crucial information that is not seen by everyone, but their testimonies can have significant consequences to people. An example of this would be the wrong conviction of Francisco Carrillo.…
Eyewitness identification relies upon the eyewitness memory and the ability for him or her to retain that information and reporting it straight to the police. Memory is considered as evidence because information is being gathered and encoded in memory. Over time the storage holds in the encoded information in the brain until retrieval occurs so the brain can have access to the information. Although memory is not accurate, errors can occur throughout the process of encoding, storage, or retrieval. Even images and sound can deteriorate over time, which makes it hard to recall them back.…
The constructive nature of memory is one of the reasons for the unreliability of eyewitness testimonies. The human brain does not record all the things that people see around them. Instead, the brain collects different pieces of information that are relevant to the situation. Consequently, eyewitness accounts may be flawed because as the brain attempts to reconstruct different bits of information, it might omit vital details (OpenStax College, 2016). The scenario is better understood when comparing human recollection to playing a video recording.…
After watching How reliable is your memory? by Elizabeth Loftus, I believe that to a great extent, memory is not a reliable source of knowledge because it can be distorted, contaminated, and even falsely imagined. Memory decay, distorted memory, hindsight bias, consistency bias, the availability heuristic bias and suggestibility- are all problems that beset our reliance on memory. “I was there. I saw it.”…
An issue in developmental psychology that is a common topic of research is the question of whether or not the testimony of young children can be trusted. Can they recognize perpetrators or even remember events accurately? The answers to these questions should inform how children are questioned as eyewitnesses in the courtroom, and since many people aren’t as educated in this topic, it important for a policy to be implemented to ensure that findings from recent research are being used to effectively utilize children as eyewitnesses. There are three main topics of applicable research that I will discuss in this paper, and they are: use of initial exhaustive recall to avoid retrieval-induced forgetting, eye closure in recalling events, and repeating…
In the United States, people have been and continue to be wrongfully convicted by eyewitnesses. A majority of those convictions have been overturned by DNA testing (Yarmey, 2001). Eyewitness testimony is unreliable based on the findings psychologists have discovered through the research and study of memory. The Case for Expert Testimony about Eyewitness Memory, an article written by Michael Leipee, is sure to make known the importance of psychology in the courtroom.…
Emeka Banye 100591857 Submitted in partial fulfillment of The requirements for PSYC 3210U Foundations for Academic Learning and Success Bachelor of Arts in Forensic Psychology Faculty of Social Science of Humanities University of Ontario Institute of Technology Oshawa, Ontario Dr. Karla Emeno Davut Akca March 27th 2016 Introduction Eyewitness testimony has been a very important aspect towards forensic psychology and convicting offenders. This paper will be argued towards the aspect of how new research has applied to eye witness testimonies and its importance towards dealing with future cases to prevent wrongful convictions.…
The mind is malleable and can therefore not be used as a mental recorder, said Lesley Stahli. There has been no truer statement, a person’s recognition of visual perception can be altered by the smallest of stimuli. In the video jennifer Thompson, a rape victim, wrongly accused a man named Ronald Cotton as her attacker under the claim of having seen the attacker. She was even sat in front of her real attacker but still looked at Mr.cotton. Over 75% of people accused by eye witnesses were wrongly accused.…
Memories of the initial event can be effected by events and suggestions that occurred afterwards also known as post event misinformation effect (Gerry et al, 2005). The particular way in which a question was asked, the type of feedback given, social pressure to do the right thing, and the time delay between the event and the testimony can all affect accurate information (Matlin, 2012). The relationship between eyewitness memory and recall is minimal. A person may appear confident in their memories, but actual recall of events is lacking.…