Quantitative Analysis Of Auger Electron Spectroscopy

Superior Essays
Critical assessment of the article: Quantitative analysis by Auger Electron Spectroscopy
1 Introduction When the outer electron fills the vacancy left by an ionized electron in the inner shell, the released energy can be passed to another outer electron that causes further emitting of an electron with characteristic energy, this is the basic principle of the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) [1]. Nowadays, AES is almost an indispensable tool in nanoscience research for its high surface sensitivity (can detect a single atomic layer of 0.1%), quick analysis, small surface damage (can be considered as nondestructive testing), etc [2,3]. As we known, AES has been successfully applied to the identification of surface species by analyzing the peaks’
…show more content…
Also, there exist empirical formulas for J in practice according to Berger & Seltzer, which is illustrated as follows
J⁄Z=0.015 for Z≤13 (2)
J⁄Z=9.76+〖58.5〗^(-0.19) for Z>13 (3)
From the equation(1), the SB becomes negative when E〖(dE/dx)〗_core , 〖(dE/dx)〗_valence=〖(dE/dx)〗_Bethe-〖(dE/dx)〗_core and when 〖(dE/dx)〗_Bethe150eV (20) for gases where E is the electron energy above the Fermi level in eV, a is the monolayer thickness(nm).
3.3 Relative sensitivity factor (RSF) After Shimizu’s discussion about the theoretical quantitative analysis of AES, I still want to refer the universal method for computing the concentration of element i in a matrix which is so-called relative sensitivity factor method[15]. For simplification, the current of detected Auger electrons can be expressed by
I_A=G(1+r) I_p Nλ(1-ω_x )Φ(E_p,E_u ) (20)
Where
G = The instrument factor
Φ(E_p,E_u ) = the ionized probability of electron at E_u by incident electron at E_p
N = the amount of atoms in unit volume
The sensitivity factor is defined as follows
S=(1+r) I_p λ(1-ω_x )Φ(E_p,E_u )

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Nt1310 Unit 6 Assignment

    • 605 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Key Idea I The arrangement of electrons is distributed between four orbital’s; S, P, D and F. Each orbital is a different shape and holds a different number of electrons. Orbital S is a circle and it contains two electrons and orbital P has three different shells. One shell is an infinity sign, the next is a crooked infinity sign and the last is shaped like an upright infinity sign.…

    • 605 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Nt1310 Unit 6 Study Guide

    • 579 Words
    • 3 Pages

    1. What is the forbidden gap in semiconductors? One electron volt (eV) 2. At absolute zero temperature, semiconductor behaves as Insulator 3.…

    • 579 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    – equation (2 gives info on location of electron in terms of probability density - wave functions are called orbitals – [pic], where E is energy, e2 is electric potential, r is orbital radius and h is Planck ’s constant 1925 Wolfgang Pauli – each orbital has only 2 electrons is now explained due to direction of spin of electrons. Spinning electrons create magnetic field. Only 2 electrons of opposite spin in an orbital referred to as Pauli exclusion principle Hund’s rule – half fill each orbital before adding second electron…

    • 1002 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Spec 20 Lab Results

    • 422 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The Spec 20 was set to 600 nm and % transmittance was measured of the standard solutions. Absorbance was calculated and recorded. Then, 2 g of solid CuSO4∙5H2O was measured out and placed in a 100 mL beaker. Water was added (about 15 mL) to make a 20 mL of 0.5 M solution from CuSO4∙5H2O by. Solution…

    • 422 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    No measurement result is quite accurate and reliable, unless it is reported with uncertainty [4, 5]. Because of uncertainty in measurement, there is always the risk of mistaken decisions about that whether it is consistent with the specified requirements for certain characteristics or not. Such mistaken decisions are of two types [6]: I. A quantity accepted as conforming might actually be…

    • 586 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Influence Electrons

    • 253 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The atomic radius will slowly decrease as you move across a period on the periodic table; this is caused by the addition of protons found in the nuclei of the elements. For every new proton being added, several electrons will also be included into this process by joining the identical energy level (ultimately accounting for one electron per element in said period). The electrons then attract the protons, whilst failing to shield from or repulse this attraction. Given the above information, the effective nuclear charge will most certainly increase. When traveling down a group, the atomic radius will increase and the valence electron sets of each element will become located farther away from the nucleus.…

    • 253 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Finally, an element’s metallic character can be referred to as how easily an electron can be lost by an…

    • 1065 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Because even though hydrogen has a core charge of +1, it is still smaller than the element Beryllium, regardless of the fact that hydrogen has a lower core charge. This is because hydrogen has a total of one shell whereas Beryllium has a total of two shells, making Beryllium…

    • 1684 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Unit 9 Lab Report Essay

    • 432 Words
    • 2 Pages

    SEM is a kind of microscope to observe the topography of materials. SEM has some advantages: it has a large depth of field and we can observe the 3D image of the sample and analyzing its topography, its magnification range is widely and we could make sample easily because of the X-ray spectrometry, which can determine the elements of sample. When electron beam attack the sample, incident electron will be diffracted and change the direction or even loose some energy. During this process, accumulating scattered angle of some incident electron is more than 90 degrees, they will re-emit from the surface of the sample. The characteristic of backscattered is high energy and close to the energy of incident electron, the resolution is low.…

    • 432 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Selenium Research Paper

    • 284 Words
    • 2 Pages

    5-CinthiaV-Selenium The name of my element is Selenium. The element symbol is “Se”. Selenium was discovered in Sweden by Jons Jacob Berzelius in 1817. Selenium is an origin for a greek word meaning moon.…

    • 284 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Composition of Copper Copper is an element that many people have either felt or seen without realizing it. Pennies, for example, are made of copper. Certain pipes, contraceptives, and wires are other ways copper is used in our daily lives. It 's a great conductor of electricity, antibacterial, and corrosion resistant. However, this raises the question: what exactly are the properties of copper that give it its properties?…

    • 803 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The images in this paper were obtained by the detection of secondary electrons that were emitted by atoms excited by the primary electron beam. The primary beam scans in a raster fashion, making horizontal passes across the x-axis one at a time. This allows the detector to display the information into the image on pixel at a time in synchronized manner. The number of secondary electrons that can be detected…

    • 1149 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Table 2. 1: Magnitude probabilities with truncated Gutenberg-Richter distribution, where m_min=5, m_msc=8, a=1 and b=1. m_j F_M (m_j ) P(M=m_j )…

    • 959 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Spectroscopy Essay

    • 1635 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Types of Spectroscopy used in Organic Chemistry 1.1 Introduction Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and light (electromagnetic radiation) (Crouch & Skoog, 2007). It is often phrased as the light of knowledge (Reusch, 2013). In the past, spectroscopy started by the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength by a prism (Anon., n.d.). Now, with the knowledge of light having both wave-like and particle-like characteristics, with given frequency or wavelength of light is associated with radiative energy called photon. Spectroscopy is used in physical and analytical chemistry because atoms and molecules have unique spectra (Anon., n.d.).…

    • 1635 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT): The VBT has two most serious limitations that electrons in molecules are treated as though they are localised and behave almost as they did in isolated atoms. This means that the VBT retains the individuality of the atoms composing molecule. The problem can be resolved by introducing the resonance theory, but with the loss of the original valence bond model. Hund[ 173], Mulliken[ 174], Van Vleck[175], Helsenberg[176], Jones[ 177] and others suggested an alternate treatment which is entirely different and more satisfactory. According to MOT, the valency electrons are considered to be associated with all the nuclei concerned.…

    • 1014 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays