Is DSM-5 an improvement over DSM-IV in the area of PTSD? The publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) introduces a number of significant changes to the criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder, including the revision to the A trauma criterion, three additional symptoms (increasing the symptom total from 17 to 20), and a division of the avoidance cluster into avoidance and negative alterations in cognitions and mood. The main purpose of revising any psychiatric definition is to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility. There are many researches investigating on whether the DSM-5 model of PTSD is an improvement over the previous DSM-IV model…
a. In his paper, Faulty Circuits, Insel suggested that biological malfunctions underlie psychological disorder. He used some modern biology and neuroscience findings to support his argument. Here are three pieces of evidence he used. He first presented a study performed at the National Institute of Mental Health on a serotonin transporter gene of participants with and without depression.…
In the world we live in today, it's no surprise that people are crazy and nearly psychotic to some extent. Our world is filled with people from all backgrounds and cultures that we have no explanation on why they act the way they do, but everyone is different. A main difference in the individuals that walk on the earth are their personal psychological disorders. A psychological disorder, or sometimes better known as a mental disorder, is a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and create distresses for the individual experiencing these symptoms. The classification and diagnosis of psychological disorders is a concern for both mental health providers and mental health clients, along with the patient…
Pamela Spiro presents with many of the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, and after many years finally receives a correct psychiatric diagnosis. According to the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), in order to meet a diagnosis of schizophrenia, a client must present with at least two of the following symptoms for a duration of one month: delusions; hallucinations; disorganized speech; disorganized or catatonic behavior; or negative symptoms. In addition, the client must experience a disturbance for at least six months and significant level of impairment in life as a result of the symptoms. Delusions begin early in life for Pam.…
James stated he was born in Miami, Florida and raised in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He stated he has always lived with his maternal cousin whom he calls his mother; information was corroborated by the guardian. The youth currently resides with his maternal cousin/legal guardian and three cousins whom he refers to as his siblings, in Coral Springs, Florida. Mrs. Vedrine indicated to the best of her knowledge, the youth was born full term, of a normal pregnancy and without complications during labor or birth of James. Mrs. Vedrine reported it was unknown if James’s biological mother used any drugs while pregnant with James and if she received regular or frequent prenatal care as she noted James’ mothed was incarcerated throughout her pregnancy.…
In conclusion, Clinical Depression is one of the most common major depressive disorder within the United States. Clinical Depression clients are typically reported as being sad, depression, or even suicidal. Many clients who experience Clinical Depression do not seek help because they believe getting help is a sign of weakness. However, if a client recognizes that they need help then the process will go a lot smoother.…
Bipolar disorder is a documented mental illness that is treatable. This form of manic depression can have positive outcomes if being treated appropriately. It is separated into three groups: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Bipolar NOS. We do not know if there is a significant difference in the effects of a person’s self-representation of themselves, varying which diagnosis. This form of manic depression is not a fabricated disease or a personality problem stemming from an individual’s genetic make-up.…
Psychological disorders are commonly known as mental disorders. These disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact the life of an individual. The disorders cause distress on the individual and often times the family and friends. Some of these disorders are; bipolar, dissociative disorders, and neurocognitive disorders. Bipolar disorder is alternating periods of elation and depression.…
Manic depressive disorder, or more commonly called bipolar disorder is a mental illness that has been in described in literature since ancient Greece several thousand years ago. Descriptions of bipolar disorder have appeared independently in many civilizations throughout history including Ancient Greece, Roman, European and Chinese. Bipolar disorder is defined by experiencing elongated periods of mania with high energy followed by periods of depression with very low energy. The periods of mania and depression can vary significantly from person to person, and depending on the length and severity of the periods of mania and depression patients will often be sorted into various subgroups of bipolar disorder with the most common two being bipolar…
Major depression disorder otherwise known as clinical depression, is a major medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. People with clinical depression are not able to function as they used to. Often, they lose interest in activities that were once enjoyable to them and feel sad and hopeless for long periods of time. Clinical depression is not the same as feeling sad or depressed for a few days and then feeling better. It can affect your body, mood, thoughts, and behavior.…
The two disorders that I chose to research are major depression and bipolar disorder. These two disorders were chosen, because depression and bipolar disorder have been genetically included in my family, and I would like to gain more knowledge about both of them; this is so I can help my family to control their disorders better if I have a sufficient amount of knowledge about both. Disorders can be extremely difficult to deal with, and I have had to witness what they could do to a person. Major depression is defined as a significant mood disorder that can disrupt the daily functions of a person through their emotions, behaviors, thoughts, and physical changes (Wade & Tavris, 2008). According to Wade & Tavris (2008), bipolar disorder is defined…
However, other psychological studies do support the self-medication pathway through findings that suggest certain mental disorders predict the later onset of substance use and abuse (Swendsen et al., 2010). Through exploring the different pathways of development of comorbid disorders, it becomes clear there is a mutual maintenance pattern that appears to occur between the two disorders (Smith & Book, 2008). This mutual maintenance pattern means that once both disorders are present in an individual they each mutually maintain, perpetuate, and exacerbate the course of the other disorder. Implications Pathways to the development and of the mutual maintenance of comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders create important implications for…
Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that has many effects on the human body and mind. Known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder is most commonly found in young adults, and in some cases, children as well (Gallagher, 2005, 35). Statistics show that bipolar disorder affects about four million people in the United States, and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today (Craighead and Nemeroff, 2001, 212 ) . People with bipolar disorder undergo two specific mood swings: depression and mania. Depression and mania can be divided into three different subcategories: Bipolar 1 Disorder, Bipolar 2 Disorder, and Cylothymia (Craighead and Nemeroff, 2001, 212).…
Psychological disorders and mental health issues in today’s society affect many people in a variety of ways. Many people in society are often stigmatized and labeled because of a psychological disorder shunning them from society, the work place, schools, friends, and more. However, recently through my research I see how many people are working their jobs, handling their careers, never stop working and aspiring with their goals, and face varied challenges at home, work, and out socially using a variety of therapies from medications, to psychologist visits, and even psychotherapy. There are over four hundred types of psychological disorders.…
1. When defining psychological disorder we have to question what exactly do we mean by psychological disorder. I considered the definition presented in an article by Psychology Today. They say the definition was released by DSM-5 it states, “A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbances in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning”. According to class notes and discussions, abnormality, according to the consensus has not definition, but there are some clear elements. I think the main focus to acquire when attempting to comprehend a psychological disorder, is to consider…