related to age and co morbidities than the presence of the multiresistant organism per se. So the panel unanimously decided not include HCAP in the HAP/VAP guideline update this year. Use of antibiogram: The guideline also urges that every hospital and ICU has their own antibiogram tailored to their HAP/VAP population if possible. This was based on their evaluation of some observational studies one of them was done with 229 patients at 4 different institutions which showed the variation in pathogens, their frequency and their resistance patterns .Another study found that the resistance pattern found in general hospital antibiogram reflected in the ICU acquired infections as well.…
Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a part of the family Enterobacteriaceae. This genus is a gram negative and it has no flagella, which meant that this bacterium is not motile. However, it can move with the use of the current that is produced by the water. This bacterium has the ability to cause destructive change in a man or animals lungs if aspirated. In addition, this is also one of the most contacted pathogen in a Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) or nosocomial infection.…
The nostrils and wet skin are good habitats of S. Aureus. The elderly, diabetics and the immunocompromised people are more at risk of…
Although medical and nursing staff employ the use of standard and additional precautions the single most important thing that staff can do whilst working is perform effective hand washing to reduce the risks of cross contamination. Everyone has some form of resident flora on their body, this helps the host to stay healthy but when this resident flora is transferred by contact to another person this may cause the person to become ill. In addition to this resident flora a person picks up infectious particles through contact with other people or environmental surroundings (Koutoukidis et al, 2013, p 361). The most effective way an enrolled nurse or other health care workers can decrease the risk of transmission of these infectious organisms is…
Pseudomonas aeuroginosa naturally occurs in environments such as the soil and water and on occasion can be found living on the surfaces of plants and animals. Even with the frequency it is found, it will only cause infections if it is allowed to get into cells that have already been damaged in some way, in example a cut or other abrasion of the skin (Todar para.1-4). It is a bacteria that requires oxygen to survive, grows best in temperatures thirty-seven degrees…
There are three different mutations that have antibiotic resistant genes. Bacterial Conjugation is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another. The transferred DNA is a plasmid, a circle of DNA that is distinct from the main bacterial chromosome. One strand of the plasmid is transferred and the other stays in the original cell. Bacterial Transformation has the transfer of “naked” DNA into a recipient cell.…
) Discuss antibiotic resistant bacteria, cause and effect. Antibiotic resistant bacteria is a big concern now a day due to the use of excessive and improper use of antibiotics. It is very common for people to star taking an antibiotic and stop the regimen as soon as the symptoms are gone. With this practice, bacteria that were not killed by the antibiotic but were exposed, are capable of becoming immune to it.…
Research on healthcare-associated infections is an ongoing process and is something that microbiologists are diligently working on to find out how to stop these resistant bacteria. By finding out how these bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to outside sources we will find out how to better stop them. Through research, we have already found that it is very important for healthcare workers to wash their hands in between patients and that we carry bacteria in and on our bodies at all times. Resistant bacteria have now become a public health safety issue and any research that is being done to stop this is for the better of man-kind. It is my hope that the next major break-through in health-care associated infections is for microbiologists to find out how to kill these “superbugs” and make them less resilient in the havoc that they have been releasing on humanity.…
1. Non-pathogen name: Bacillus subtilis 2. Description of non-pathogen: B. subtilis is a mesophilic, gram-positive bacillus that is commonly found in soil, although it can also survive in plants (1). B. subtilis are facultative aerobes, using butanediol fermentation or nitrated ammonification when oxygen is unavailable (1). The bacillus is motile by using a single flagellum and commonly forms biofilms which contain several B. subtilis all traveling in the same direction (1).…
P. aeruginosa was discovered in 1882 by Carle Gessard, a Parisian chemist and bacteriologist. It was discovered through an experiment that recognized the microbe by its water soluble pigments that turned blue-green when it was exposed to ultra violet light (Chen, 2009) P. aeruginosa is a gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium that causes disease in animals and humans. It can be found in soil, water, skin microbiota, and man-made environments. P. aeruginosa cells measure 0.5 to 1.0 µm by 3 to 4 µm, and possess a single polar flagellum.…
On any given day, about one in twenty-five hospital patients has at least one healthcare associated infection.” (CDC, 2016, partial site paragraph). To promote patient safety and prevent this from happening Joint Commission has National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG) 07.01.01 Prevent Infection. For this goal, the hand cleaning guidelines from the centers for disease control and Prevention or the World Health Organization can be used.…
The objectives of this paper is to describe the pathophysiology of local and systemic responses to burn injury, describe the classification of burn injuries and interventions used to a minimize risk of infection, that can be used in the pre hospital setting, within Paramedic…
Health care-acquired infection (HCAI) is a foremost problem for patient safety and its surveillance. Prevention of HCAI has got to be the first main concern for settings and institutions dedicated to making health care safer. The impact of HCAI implies extended hospital stay, long-term disability, increased antimicrobials resistance of microorganisms, massive extra economic load, high expenses for patients and their families, and excess mortalities ( Boyce J., 2009). In the USA, 10%, or 2 million, patients a year become infected (HCAI), with the annual cost ranging from $4.5 billion to $11 billion. The most frequent type of infection hospital-wide is urinary tract infection (36%), followed by surgical site infection (20%), and bloodstream infection and pneumonia (both 11%)(World Health Organization, 2009).…
The bacteria used in the experiment are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella pneumonia. These all bacteria will be culture in the nutrient broth. The first stage is making Nutrient Broth. Weigh out 5.8 grams of nutrient broth powder.…
E.Coli (Escherichia Coli ) Brenda Arambula Health Science Technology 3/4/2016 INTRODUCTION Escherichia Coli most known as (E.Coli) is a bacteria that normally gets into your intestine of humans and sometimes even warm blooded animals .Some of the E.Coli are even capable of causing diseases with conditions that can harm your immune system . E. Coli can make everyone sick but it mostly affects young children and elderly people this people are mostly likely to…