related to age and co morbidities than the presence of the multiresistant organism per se. So the panel unanimously decided not include HCAP in the HAP/VAP guideline update this year. Use of antibiogram: The guideline also urges that every hospital and ICU has their own antibiogram tailored to their HAP/VAP population if possible. This was based on their evaluation of some observational studies one of them was done with 229 patients at 4 different institutions which showed the variation in pathogens, their frequency and their resistance patterns .Another study found that the resistance pattern found in general hospital antibiogram reflected in the ICU acquired infections as well.…
A total of four microorganisms were isolated from the sample brought back from Mars. To identify the microorganisms which were isolated from the sample brought back from Mars, an rDNA sequence analysis was required. Every sequence had an S_ab score of 1.000 meaning the sequence is identical to the microorganism that it was matched to. Before gathering phenotypic results, we gathered phylogenetic data for the four microorganisms which includes Micrococcus luteus, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Micrococcus luteus is a gram positive, coccus shaped microorganism that is nonmotile and unable to grow on glucose minimal media or simmons citrate agar (Kocur, 1972;).…
The purpose of this lab is to separate two unknown bacteria and identify each from an unknown bacterial mixed culture and to determine which tests to do when identifying bacteria. Specific tests will lead to a definite answer as to what two bacteria was being dealt with. Unknown bacterium A was selected and subjected to isolation techniques and differential tests for identifying markers. Each experiment served to help eliminated other possible known bacteria and match each of the unknown bacteria two their known bacterium. A Gram stain was performed in which the unknown bacteria were found to be a Gram positive long rod and a Gram negative short rod.…
Unknown Organism Report I have identified my Unknown Organism #1 as Escherichia coli, or E. coli. My Unknown Organism is an anaerobic gram-negative, unicellular eubacteria. It belongs to the genus Escherichia, which is named after Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician. E. coli is usually found in the colon of mammals, explaining the name “coli” meaning from the colon. It’s classified in the order of enterobacteriales, and the family of enterobacteriaceae.…
Based on the laboratory tests provided, it can be determined that the unknown organism can be identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). This organism is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect non-mammalian, plants, and humans. P. aeruginosa belongs to the bacterial family Pseudomonadaceae, and is a gram-negative rod that approximately measures 0.5 to 0.8 µm by 1.5 to 3.0 µm. It can normally be found in water and soil. Its single polar flagellum makes it motile, and it is known to be one of the fastest swimming bacteria found in hay infusion and pond water (Crittenden, Trussell, Hand, and Howe 2012).…
The focus of this lab was to identify which plasmid (pFG or pGLO) transformed into E. coli culture. E. coli have the capability to take up foreign DNA from their environment in times of stress. In order for the E. coli to be transformed, the E. coli must first be made competent. Once the culture has been made competent, the cells can transform. The plasmid that was inserted into the E. coli culture contained antibiotic-resistant gene and a reporter gene.…
Experimental trials were performed by students over a timeframe of three weeks to determine the identity of three unknown bacteria contained in broth medium stored in labeled test tubes that were randomly assigned containing: one Gram positive bacterium, one Gram-negative paracolon, and one Gram-negative coliform (Carson, 2016). The unknown sample assigned in this experiment was #19. After initially streaking the solution on clean streak plates and TSA agar, the identity was determined from a Gram-stain of a single, isolated colony; this was confirmed by isolation of that pure colony and viewing the pure sample in a Gram-stain under a microscope yielding a blue colored cocci morphology with no Gram-negative contamination. This was followed by Gram-negative isolation by a Gram-stain showing a myriad of Gram-negative bacillus rods, with no presence of Gram-positive. Further tests…
Bacterial Transformation with Escherichia coli Byanka Delgado BIO 181 Lab Thursday 1:30-4:15 Arizona State University Abstract The major objectives of the Bacterial Transformation Lab were to observe standard bacterial growth under various conditions including the transformation of bacteria; to understand how the process of transformation occurs, as well as the biological results and consequences that come of transformation. In order to correctly perform this lab, plasmids, agar plates, Escherichia coli colonies, as well as incubation periods were used. The data that was collected was completely opposite than what the actual outcome should have been.…
Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacteria with pathogenic potential to both humans and animals causing three general clinical syndromes: (1) enteric/diarrhoeal disease, (2) urinary tract infections (UTIs) and (3) sepsis/meningitis (Kaper et al., 2004). However, this bacteria uses different virulence factors to cause the above-mentioned clinical syndromes (Croxen and Finlay, 2010; Kaper et al., 2004). The E. coli producing pore forming toxin α-hemolysin causing bacteraemia/sepsis causes degradation of Bcl-XL protein among platelets via activating calpains (Kraemer et al., 2012). Thus, thrombocytopenia observed during sepsis caused by E. coli or related bacteria occurs due to calpain mediated degradation of antiapoptotic Bcl-XL protein required for survival of platelets (Fig. 1). Additionally,…
Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram stain negative which includes LPS which is characteristic of gram stain negative bacterias. LPS stands for Lipopolysaccharide which helps the bacterium withstand the effects of the body’s immune system. Chemical disinfectants like ethanol alcohol do have an effect against this bacterium because it breaks down the outer membrane which allows the alcohol to kill it. This bacterium also produces exotoxins that can hurt the human body. Additionally, the exotoxins make it so that the bacterium can be quite dangerous to those whose immune systems may be compromised.…
The bacteria used in the experiment are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella pneumonia. These all bacteria will be culture in the nutrient broth. The first stage is making Nutrient Broth. Weigh out 5.8 grams of nutrient broth powder.…
E.Coli (Escherichia Coli ) Brenda Arambula Health Science Technology 3/4/2016 INTRODUCTION Escherichia Coli most known as (E.Coli) is a bacteria that normally gets into your intestine of humans and sometimes even warm blooded animals .Some of the E.Coli are even capable of causing diseases with conditions that can harm your immune system . E. Coli can make everyone sick but it mostly affects young children and elderly people this people are mostly likely to…
Caffeine is normally found in coffee, tea, sodas and chocolates. However, caffeine supplements are also available in pill form. Once caffeine is consumed it is absorbed into the body through the stomachs lining and circulated in the bloodstream. Its effects usually take place within an hour of being used but factors such as age, weight, and other drugs can alter its results. Once absorbed it becomes dispersed throughout the body mainly affecting the brain stem, which unites with the central nervous system.…
The purpose of the infections caused by gram-positive cocci lab exercise is to utilize different identification and diagnostic techniques to differentiate various groups of bacteria, which cause infection. Our primary goal is first to establish the presence of an infection; then, determine which particular pathogens, or groups of pathogens, are the underlying cause of the infection. In the clinic, infections manifesting from gram-positive cocci are a common and growing problem. Two genera in particular, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, are responsible for a variety of human infections, hence, it is crucial to learn techniques, which aid in the quick identification of a particular microbe. Applying these techniques in our future careers will…
Question: How do different surface areas affect bacterial growth? Hypothesis: I think that the bacterial growth will be different in terms of size, shape, type and color. I think that different bacterias will grow on each quadrant because each surface of collection has unique bacterias. The unique bacterias will contribute to the fact that the size and color of them will also be different.…