Prosthetic valve implantation requires postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation to preclude thrombotic events; which are the common cause for morbidity and mortality after surgery for VHD. A paramount risk of thromboembolic events is observed during the first three months after surgery for both mechanical and bioprosthetic devices. Nevertheless, mechanical valves exhibit life time thrombotic risk. Atrial fibrillation, which is a common arrhythmia in VHD, necessitates lifelong anticoagulation in majority of patients; especially if it involves mitrial valve. Therefore, patients on anticoagulants are at risk of thrombosis and bleeding, if the target INR levels are not maintained. Restrictions on certain physical activities are advised subsequently
