Prostate cancer is abnormal cell growth and tumor formation in male prostate gland, which is a part of male reproductive system. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer type affecting human male population around the world. Recently, over 1 million men from all over the world were diagnosed with prostate cancer where developed countries accounted for 70% of these cases [1]. According to the same report in year 2012 prostate cancer left estimated 0.3 million human male people dead worldwide. It has also been reported that prostate cancer is not much prevalent among Asian population as that of African Americans, European Caucasians populations [2, 3]. In past few decades cases of prostate cancer among Asian populations are on rise
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Differences in expression of genes and miRNAs in different cell types, developmental stages and disease conditions were reported [16]. MiRNAs also play important regulatory role in a variety of biological processes, disease conditions by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression [17]. It has been investigated in many studies that various type of cancerous tissues show altered gene and miRNA expression profiles as compared with normal tissue, Thus cellular RNA repertoire such as mRNA, miRNA can also work as diagnostic molecular biomarkers to identify a particular cell type or disease condition [18, 19]. Gene and miRNA expression profiling has also been used to stratify, diagnose and development of personalized medicine for cancerous cells [20]. Circulating cell-free miRNAs assembled in extracellular vesicles or Argonaute2 are known to be secreted from both normal cells and infected cells in various bio-fluids, making them targets for non-invasive detection [21–24]. Recently anon-coding RNA PCA3 was discovered to be secreted in urine of prostate cancer patients is specific to the disease [25]. Another urine based biomarker is fusion of TMPRSS2 to the oncogenic ETS transcription factor ERG that occurs in roughly half of the prostate cancer cases
Differences in expression of genes and miRNAs in different cell types, developmental stages and disease conditions were reported [16]. MiRNAs also play important regulatory role in a variety of biological processes, disease conditions by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression [17]. It has been investigated in many studies that various type of cancerous tissues show altered gene and miRNA expression profiles as compared with normal tissue, Thus cellular RNA repertoire such as mRNA, miRNA can also work as diagnostic molecular biomarkers to identify a particular cell type or disease condition [18, 19]. Gene and miRNA expression profiling has also been used to stratify, diagnose and development of personalized medicine for cancerous cells [20]. Circulating cell-free miRNAs assembled in extracellular vesicles or Argonaute2 are known to be secreted from both normal cells and infected cells in various bio-fluids, making them targets for non-invasive detection [21–24]. Recently anon-coding RNA PCA3 was discovered to be secreted in urine of prostate cancer patients is specific to the disease [25]. Another urine based biomarker is fusion of TMPRSS2 to the oncogenic ETS transcription factor ERG that occurs in roughly half of the prostate cancer cases