Homework 4 1. A. Hcd19Tg is Human CD-19-Transgenic mice overexpressing CD19 which is a B-lymphocyte antigen present on all B cells. It is a transgenic model of human gene CD-19 introduced into the mice for research studying the effect of CD19 related to B-cell related immunological response B. CD1dloCD5+ is a rare phenotype of Regulatory B cells found in spleen of normal and autoimmune mice producing IL-10 and hence also called the B10 cells. As this phenotype is identifies to regulate T cell dependent inflammatory response, they are researched for role in myasthenia gravis and other neuro inflammatory diseases. C. Terbutaline is a B2 adrenergic receptor agonist causing vasodilation, smooth muscle relaxation and skeletal muscle contractions.…
Minoxidil, an antihypertensive vasodilator medication, which was developed in the 1950’s by a company called Upjohn originally used to treat ulcers. During their experiments with dogs, they figured out that it did not cure ulcers, but acted as a vasodilator. Due to this recent discovery, Upjohn was able to develop a compound called Minoxidil in 1963 as well as being able to synthesize over 200 variations of the compound. The molecular structure and compound of Minoxidil is C9H15N50, made entirely of nonmetals with the molecular weight being 209.2483 g/mol, the UIPAC name being 3 hydroxy, 2 imino, 6 piperidin, 1 ylpyrimidin, and 4 amine. The percentage composition of carbon being 51.65, hydrogen being 7.24, nitrogen being 33.47, and oxygen being 7.64.…
Tetanus is caused by the Clostridium tetani bacterium. Clostridium tetani spores are able to survive for a long time outside of the body. They are most commonly found in animal manure and contaminated soil, but may exist virtually anywhere. When Clostridium tetani enter the body, they multiply rapidly and release tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin. When tetanospasmin enters the bloodstream, it rapidly spreads around the body, causing tetanus symptoms.…
The pharmaceutical industry has very little fear of repercussions and the best example may be how OxyContin competes for sales with black market heroin. OxyContin is a synthetic opiate that is supposed to be prescribed strictly for severe pain. As you may remember, OxyContin used to be the drug of choice for the former drug war advocate Rush Limbaugh. Limbaugh’s story clearly touches upon some of the hypocritical aspects of the drug war. Mind you, he was a fully functional drug addict who harmed no one…
EMTALA: Ant-Dumping Law The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) was established by Congress in 1986 and is considered the only universal legal right to health care in the United States. EMTALA was establish to prevent hospitals from “patient dumping”. Patient dumping occurs when hospitals deny treatment and transfer patients that cannot pay to public hospitals for emergency care services. The law was developed to rid communities of the unethical practices of private hospitals as they were turning patients away that could not pay to prevent themselves from providing uncompensated care to the poor.…
Interests and beliefs The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a United States federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that regulates foods, drugs, biologics, and medical devices, as well as veterinary and tobacco products. Biologics include the development and implication of vaccines and their distribution and administration. Vaccines are regulated by the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). The chief responsibility of CBER is to ensure that these vaccines are safe and effective for human use. The FDA works with international agencies and governments to approve newly developed vaccines and other medications.…
The Pros and Cons of Joint Injuries, Joint Trauma, and Joint Conditions Treated with Cortisone Should osteoarthritis, tendinitis, bursitis and other joint conditions be treated with cortisone, and to what extent should treatment take place? Skeletal problems are intertwined in treatment before cortisone treatments are administered. There are several treatments besides cortisone, such as massage, chiropractic, physical therapy, and natural remedies. One can measure quality by how safe it is for patients, whether it is effective, how efficient care and services are, and how timely treatment is administered. One also looks at how quality service revolve around the patient, and lastly, equitable treatment available to all.…
Great post Jess! You covered some great points about Macrolides, Tetracyclines, and the importance of medication interactions with both other medications and some types of food. For example, you stated tetracyclines are prevented from being absorbed with food, antacids, and dairy products. With that being said, as the nurse it is crucial to give this medication in a timely manner before meals. I would like to add specifically for Macrolides, side effects occur more in the GI tract.…
Benzene has adverse effects on the bone marrow. In addition, the substance can cause a shortage of red blood cells encouraging the development of anemic condition on the affected people. Ames (2013) states that Benzene has been encouraging excessive bleeding that can destroy the immune system of an individual increasing probability of further infection. Women exposed to a high volume of the substance tend to have irregular periods and reduction in the size of the ovaries. Benzene has been a leading cause of cancer across the globe.…
The hypotheses given were greatly supported during the experiment. Three of the four drugs; Lignocain, Hexamethonium, and Atropine, all showed a decline of inhibition of peristalsis. Nicardipine showed to have complete inhibition of peristalsis. It showed to have a 0 au drug amplitude. There were two standard pressures for this experiment.…
Question 1. A. AIRWAY– Maintaining a clear airway is always considered a high priority because the airway is essential for gas exchange. However, the patient has a patent airway (Ramkumar, 2011). The nursing strategy is to conduct an airway assessment “look, listen and feel” continuously to detect any changes.…
Capital Punishment In California Capital Punishment in California has carried out seven hundred and nine executions from seventeen seventy eight to nineteen seventy two. In nineteen seventy two, the California Supreme Court in the decision of the People V. Anderson, found that the death penalty violates the state constitution. A few months later, California voters reinstated the death penalty with Proposition seventeen, legalizing the death penalty. Since then there have been thirteen executions, the last one in two thousand and six.…
Blood Pressure Blood pressure , as a physiological variable of humans, is a hydrostatic pressure, utilized by blood on the walls of blood vessels.(Tortora and Derrickson 2011). It is caused by the contraction of the ventricles and the amount of blood in the whole cardiovascular system. The mean blood pressure (the average pressure in the cardiac cycle) is coordinated in order to provide adequate blood transfer to the tissues.(Saladin,2001). The decrease of blood pressure is followed by an increase of heart rate. The normal blood pressure is 120 mm HG systolic and 80 mm HG diastolic blood pressure There are three main types of blood pressure regulation considering homeostasis: Neural regulation…
Mathew Issac Issac 1 Professor Batorsky WRT 101 11/30/2016 Brain Development Does the question " Why is he/she smarter than me? " brush through your mind whenever you see that someone always gets better grades than you do? Brain development is affected by certain factors that include both physiological as well as environmental. However, the influence of these factors must be equalized for maximum brain functionality. The brain is considered as many things at once by different people.…
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