4. (Number 5 on question sheet) While at the zoo, you linger in front of the elephant house. Dumbo, an elephant is reputed to have a good memory. Presumable, this means that Dumbo can retrieve information from long-term memory. In the context of “having a good memory” describe the role that retrieval cues play in memory, and explain the importance of the match between encoding and retrieval. What are the two types of interference that can prevent retrieval cues from working effectively? First, we need to know what retrieval cues are. Retrieval cues are stimuli that enables our brain …show more content…
(Number 6 on question sheet) As a way to help a client make a decision, counselors will sometimes have the client make a list of pros and cons with respect to a particular decision. Why is it that most of the time we do not make decisions this way? Include a discussion of heuristics and the different types of heuristics. Most of the time we do not make decisions this way due to the amount of time we have to make a decision. Decisions are usually made ‘on the go’ with sometimes very little thought put into them. Let’s say that I am driving to the mall and the road I usually take is closed. Instead of making a list of pros and cons of alternate routes I just choose the one that I think is the shorter distance. The pros of the way to the mall I took could be that it is less distance but the cons could be that there is more traffic and I have to go through a few bad neighborhoods. Sometimes making decisions with very little effort may cost you time and security. A heuristic is a form of judgement that provides shortcuts but are not necessarily the best option. There are three types of heuristic in which the first one is availability heuristic. This is a way of decision making that is made on the memory that you have available at the ready. An example of this would be determining if a car or a dirt bike is more dangerous. Given the possible knowledge you have about the frequency of injuries made on dirt bike, you can presume that dirt bikes are more dangerous than cars. Next …show more content…
(Number 7 on question sheet) Describe Robert Sterberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence. Provide examples for all three types of intelligence. Robert Sternberg triarchic theory describes different ways in which problems can be solved. The three types of intelligence are analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. These three types of intelligence are fundamental in every day problem solving that humans experience. Analytical intelligence is the ability to critically view ideas (make decisions based on these views) and answer problems. There are three types of components that are essential in analytical intelligence. “(1) knowledge acquisition components, for learning new facts; (2) performance components, for problem-solving strategies and techniques; and (3) metacognitive components, for selecting strategies and monitoring progress toward success.” (Psychology and Life, 20th Edition, Richard J. Gerrig, Stony Brook University) An example of analytical intelligence, as used in the text (Psychology and Life, 20th Edition, Richard J. Gerrig, Stony Brook University), are anagrams. Anagrams are scrambled words that can be put together mentally using components number two and three. Component two is what enables you two see what letters go where to form a word, and component three is what allows you to use problem solving skills to determine what the scrambled word is. The next type of intelligence is creative intelligence which is the ability