3) While Cartesian dualism says that there are two different mental and physical entities that make up the mind, functionalism argues that the brain is an independent entity. Functionalism says that the brain – a singular entity – contains two kinds of properties, mental and physical. Thus, it is a form of dualism in the sense that there are two different things in play, yet only one physical entity which these properties reside in. It solves the causal relation problem that Cartesian dualism has by saying there is only one entity, and that this entity alone contains the mental and physical features of the brain. Physicalism has an issue to its argument known as species chauvinism. Physicalism assumes that only humans are capable of mental
