Primates as animal models in making vaccines:
Primates:
Primates are one of the diverse group of animals mainly consist of human beings monkeys and apes.
Animal model:
Scientists occasionally base selection of model organism on biology alone to investigate disease and its mechanism. Many factors effect choice of animal model such as facilities, staff and personal choices. Organisms having short reproduction cycle having exquisite traceability of genes rapidly give statistical results of great significance. However, primates have none of these qualities and remain a mainstay in human vaccination preparation. Primate’s presents technical, financial and ethical challenges and weighing challenges for human research against advantages presents …show more content…
Advantages:
In vaccinology laboratory animals are essential for vaccine development, vaccine production and in last vaccine batch release. Invitro methods are used and their contribution is increasing but still scientific questions require integrated immune system and intact animal which is provided by primates.
Primates act as infection model to study pathogenesis of the virus such as HIV and SARS as they are more similar to human beings as compared to rats and other lab animals they provide accurate knowledge of virus action which tells us predilection site of virus its incubation period and virulence and most importantly clinical disease progress.
Having primates as animal model provides us a way to upscale virus production because a large amount of virus can be cultivated by inoculating it in non human primates and further studies can be performed on it and to investigate at which temperature it become inactivated so that it can then be used as a vaccine.
Primates as infection model help to attenuate virus by serial passage and that attenuated virus then can be inoculated in non human primates to investigate whether attenuated virus can cause disease in them or not and if successful that attenuated virus can be used to develop a …show more content…
The primates welfare cost is great and they require large amount of funding.
Primates used in animal model are few in number.
Sometimes due to number of reasons primates as animal model become ineffective e.g in poliomyelitis vaccine development although monkey could be infected by intra-cerebral inoculation, for a number of reasons this appeared not to be a particularly suitable experimental animal for this kind of research.
To extract the virus from effected tissues animal has to be killed and animal go through a lot of pain during this process. These processes induce severe pain and suffering. Animal suffering in vaccine testing varies according to tests and some methods entail considerable degree of animal suffering because many procedures of vaccine testing involve exposure of animal to virus prior to vaccination to vrus or microbial toxin as a result animal suffer many serious effects and may die from toxin action or virus.
Safety test on vaccines such as for neurovirulence of oral polio vaccine are also of very high concern in which primates suffer neurological symptoms including paralysis
Primates as animal models for vaccine development are time consuming and interfere with the limited shelf life of
Primates:
Primates are one of the diverse group of animals mainly consist of human beings monkeys and apes.
Animal model:
Scientists occasionally base selection of model organism on biology alone to investigate disease and its mechanism. Many factors effect choice of animal model such as facilities, staff and personal choices. Organisms having short reproduction cycle having exquisite traceability of genes rapidly give statistical results of great significance. However, primates have none of these qualities and remain a mainstay in human vaccination preparation. Primate’s presents technical, financial and ethical challenges and weighing challenges for human research against advantages presents …show more content…
Advantages:
In vaccinology laboratory animals are essential for vaccine development, vaccine production and in last vaccine batch release. Invitro methods are used and their contribution is increasing but still scientific questions require integrated immune system and intact animal which is provided by primates.
Primates act as infection model to study pathogenesis of the virus such as HIV and SARS as they are more similar to human beings as compared to rats and other lab animals they provide accurate knowledge of virus action which tells us predilection site of virus its incubation period and virulence and most importantly clinical disease progress.
Having primates as animal model provides us a way to upscale virus production because a large amount of virus can be cultivated by inoculating it in non human primates and further studies can be performed on it and to investigate at which temperature it become inactivated so that it can then be used as a vaccine.
Primates as infection model help to attenuate virus by serial passage and that attenuated virus then can be inoculated in non human primates to investigate whether attenuated virus can cause disease in them or not and if successful that attenuated virus can be used to develop a …show more content…
The primates welfare cost is great and they require large amount of funding.
Primates used in animal model are few in number.
Sometimes due to number of reasons primates as animal model become ineffective e.g in poliomyelitis vaccine development although monkey could be infected by intra-cerebral inoculation, for a number of reasons this appeared not to be a particularly suitable experimental animal for this kind of research.
To extract the virus from effected tissues animal has to be killed and animal go through a lot of pain during this process. These processes induce severe pain and suffering. Animal suffering in vaccine testing varies according to tests and some methods entail considerable degree of animal suffering because many procedures of vaccine testing involve exposure of animal to virus prior to vaccination to vrus or microbial toxin as a result animal suffer many serious effects and may die from toxin action or virus.
Safety test on vaccines such as for neurovirulence of oral polio vaccine are also of very high concern in which primates suffer neurological symptoms including paralysis
Primates as animal models for vaccine development are time consuming and interfere with the limited shelf life of