According to the American Medical Association (AMA), voluntary risks such as alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking an obesity has costs the U.S. health care system over $100 billion annually. The AMA revealed that at least 25 cents of every health care dollar goes to treatment of manageable diseases or illness that resulted in ambulatory or hospital care, but otherwise could have been prevented through behavior modification. In order to improve quality of care, efficiency and costs, U.S. health care critics have suggested that preventable health care should be a paramount focus of concern (Bipartisan Policy Center, 2012). Discussion concerning policy and higher premiums as a way to counteract the rising costs and unusually high traffic in emergency
