2.1. Substitution of herbal drugs
Pratinidhi is a unique concept about the practice of substitute a herbal drug in the absence of an original drug (Murthy, 2004; Sharma, 2007). The word ‘Pratinidhi’ means representation, substitute or vicegerent (Apte, 2006). The concept of ‘Pratinidhi dravyas’ (Drug substitutes) can be traced from the ancient works like Bhavaprakasha by Bhavmishra in 16th century, Yogaratnakara by an unknown author in 17th century and Bhaishajya ratnavali by Govind Das in 14th century. Details of more than 60 ‘Pratinidhi dravyas’ were described in Bhavaprakasha, more than 70 in Yogaratnakara, and about 75 in Bhaishajya Ratnavali, and later on in Ayurveda Sarasamgraha, more than 110 Pratinidhi dravyas were described (Vaghela …show more content…
Plumbago zeylanica – Root
2.2.1. Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle
It is an important endangered medicinal herb seen in temperate regions and the alpine regions of Himalayas. The taxonomic position of the plant is as shown below.
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledonae
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
S. Family: Ranunculoideae
Genus: Aconitum
Species: heterophyllum
Regional Names
Bengali: Ataicha
English: Atis root
Hindi: Atis
Kannada: Ativisa
Malayalam: Ativitayam
Tamil: Atividayam
Telugu: Ativasa
2.2.1.1 Botanical description
The morphology and distribution of this plant have been reported by many workers (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975; Prajapati et al., 2007; Nautial et al., 2009 and Jabeen et al., 2010).
A few branched biennial herb with paired tuberous roots and erect stem (30-70 cm height). Branches arising from the lower side; stem glabrous below; finely pubescent in the upper part with short internodes. Leaves heteromorphous, mostly glabrous; the upper ones sparingly pubescent with a few very short crispate hairs. The lowermost leaves on fruiting branches orbicular-cordate to ovate-cordate in outline with long petioles; upper leaves sessile or with short petioles. Inflorescence a slender,
Pratinidhi is a unique concept about the practice of substitute a herbal drug in the absence of an original drug (Murthy, 2004; Sharma, 2007). The word ‘Pratinidhi’ means representation, substitute or vicegerent (Apte, 2006). The concept of ‘Pratinidhi dravyas’ (Drug substitutes) can be traced from the ancient works like Bhavaprakasha by Bhavmishra in 16th century, Yogaratnakara by an unknown author in 17th century and Bhaishajya ratnavali by Govind Das in 14th century. Details of more than 60 ‘Pratinidhi dravyas’ were described in Bhavaprakasha, more than 70 in Yogaratnakara, and about 75 in Bhaishajya Ratnavali, and later on in Ayurveda Sarasamgraha, more than 110 Pratinidhi dravyas were described (Vaghela …show more content…
Plumbago zeylanica – Root
2.2.1. Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle
It is an important endangered medicinal herb seen in temperate regions and the alpine regions of Himalayas. The taxonomic position of the plant is as shown below.
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledonae
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
S. Family: Ranunculoideae
Genus: Aconitum
Species: heterophyllum
Regional Names
Bengali: Ataicha
English: Atis root
Hindi: Atis
Kannada: Ativisa
Malayalam: Ativitayam
Tamil: Atividayam
Telugu: Ativasa
2.2.1.1 Botanical description
The morphology and distribution of this plant have been reported by many workers (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975; Prajapati et al., 2007; Nautial et al., 2009 and Jabeen et al., 2010).
A few branched biennial herb with paired tuberous roots and erect stem (30-70 cm height). Branches arising from the lower side; stem glabrous below; finely pubescent in the upper part with short internodes. Leaves heteromorphous, mostly glabrous; the upper ones sparingly pubescent with a few very short crispate hairs. The lowermost leaves on fruiting branches orbicular-cordate to ovate-cordate in outline with long petioles; upper leaves sessile or with short petioles. Inflorescence a slender,