In a democracy, several different actors have a hand in policy creation, adoption, and change. As Goodin, Rein, and Moran (2008) state, policies are created to address problems and change because the policy actors want it to change. There is no central authority in the process; therefore, the power of persuasion is an indispensable element of public policy. Through the power of persuasion, different ideas, concepts, and interpretations are discussed and debated. As Stone (2002) highlights, the ability to form policy positions evolves from normative judgments, rhetoric, and worldviews. The advancement toward change begins with the ability to set the agenda in the process by appealing to a conception of deservedness, story plots, and beliefs
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This is a valid criticism in that recent policy change literature focuses on what leads to policy change in hydraulic fracking and water policy (Heikkila et at. 2016; Menahem & Gilad 2016; Blaxekjaer and Nielsen 2015). Overlooked in Nowlin’s argument is recent SCF literature examining post-policy change regarding marriage equality and obesity policy outlook (Flores and Barclay 2016; Petridou 2014; Husmann 2015). The social construction framework does account for how policy is shaped by and shapes policy actors’ policy consensus.
The elements of policy arguments, persuasion, and deliberation can be found in the culture community. As Deborah Stone (2002) in her work policy decision-making, argues that human beings are not holistically rational actors, but policy decisions lie between rational facts and democratic indoctrination of values. Rules are structured on ideals, symbols, and opinions (Stone 2002; Ertas 2015; Heikkila et al. 2014; Hampton, 2009). Even Harold Lasswell (1970), outlining the purpose of the policy sciences, highlights getting from participants to outcomes involves the perceptions of values, demands, identities, and
This is a valid criticism in that recent policy change literature focuses on what leads to policy change in hydraulic fracking and water policy (Heikkila et at. 2016; Menahem & Gilad 2016; Blaxekjaer and Nielsen 2015). Overlooked in Nowlin’s argument is recent SCF literature examining post-policy change regarding marriage equality and obesity policy outlook (Flores and Barclay 2016; Petridou 2014; Husmann 2015). The social construction framework does account for how policy is shaped by and shapes policy actors’ policy consensus.
The elements of policy arguments, persuasion, and deliberation can be found in the culture community. As Deborah Stone (2002) in her work policy decision-making, argues that human beings are not holistically rational actors, but policy decisions lie between rational facts and democratic indoctrination of values. Rules are structured on ideals, symbols, and opinions (Stone 2002; Ertas 2015; Heikkila et al. 2014; Hampton, 2009). Even Harold Lasswell (1970), outlining the purpose of the policy sciences, highlights getting from participants to outcomes involves the perceptions of values, demands, identities, and