Auguste Comte, the father of Positivism provides a very radical alternate approach to the Enlightenment humanist tradition. He moves away from celebrating the ‘rationality’ of the individual and believed in the scientific administered society. The involvement of State is overpowered in the Positivist tradition by Comte’s take- “Technocrats should rule the society.” But in contemporary times, Positivist attitude fails to consider and reconsider the deepest and psychological takes of individuals and communities in general. I shall in this paper unfold the very basic idea of Positivism and its critiques. I shall follow on Phenomology as a radical alternate approach to Positivism and how it is a better alternative at an individualistic/societal
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Theological: The stage of life when humans depend on the very idea of supernatural beings for explanations about the complexities of life.
2. Metaphysical: In this later stage human beings try and find answers from the abstract which is in turn a poor and a misunderstood conception.
3. Positive: This is the finest stage of human understanding. Humans evidently believe that scientific laws are the answer to every human complexities and societal issues.
The major characteristics of Positivist theory as explained by Frank E. Hartung-
1. Positivist theory looks at everything in this world as subject to the natural laws and that everything has a pre defined arrangement and understanding in working through these laws.
2. All of these subjects are branches of the same trunk and that we readily understand it and there are always means to prove it. (His ideas sound way similar to Darwin’s evolution conception!)
3. Comte has an answer to the subjective and the rational aspects of human mind and …show more content…
It never took the mainstream until a few years ago. Phenomology was inaugurated by Edmund Husserl as a movement and not as a system (1859-1938). It was one of the strong currents of philosophy like Hermeneutics, Neo-Kantian and others, in those times. Husserl notably begins to talk about Phenomology in his first edition of ‘Logical Investigations’ as “the Phenomology of the experiences of thinking and knowing.” He adds on to this in his second edition-
“This phenomenology, like the more inclusive pure phenomenology of experiences in general, has, as its exclusive concern, experiences intuitively seizable and analyzable in the pure generality of their essence, not experiences empirically perceived and treated as real facts, as experiences of human or animal experients in the phenomenal world that we posit as an empirical fact. This phenomenology must bring to pure expression, must describe in terms of their essential concepts and their governing formulae of essence, the essences which directly INTRODUCTION 2 make themselves known in intuition, and the connections which have their roots purely in such essences. Each such statement of essence is an a priori statement in the highest sense of the word. (LI, Intro. § 1, p. 249; Hua XIX/1 6)” (Moran,
Theological: The stage of life when humans depend on the very idea of supernatural beings for explanations about the complexities of life.
2. Metaphysical: In this later stage human beings try and find answers from the abstract which is in turn a poor and a misunderstood conception.
3. Positive: This is the finest stage of human understanding. Humans evidently believe that scientific laws are the answer to every human complexities and societal issues.
The major characteristics of Positivist theory as explained by Frank E. Hartung-
1. Positivist theory looks at everything in this world as subject to the natural laws and that everything has a pre defined arrangement and understanding in working through these laws.
2. All of these subjects are branches of the same trunk and that we readily understand it and there are always means to prove it. (His ideas sound way similar to Darwin’s evolution conception!)
3. Comte has an answer to the subjective and the rational aspects of human mind and …show more content…
It never took the mainstream until a few years ago. Phenomology was inaugurated by Edmund Husserl as a movement and not as a system (1859-1938). It was one of the strong currents of philosophy like Hermeneutics, Neo-Kantian and others, in those times. Husserl notably begins to talk about Phenomology in his first edition of ‘Logical Investigations’ as “the Phenomology of the experiences of thinking and knowing.” He adds on to this in his second edition-
“This phenomenology, like the more inclusive pure phenomenology of experiences in general, has, as its exclusive concern, experiences intuitively seizable and analyzable in the pure generality of their essence, not experiences empirically perceived and treated as real facts, as experiences of human or animal experients in the phenomenal world that we posit as an empirical fact. This phenomenology must bring to pure expression, must describe in terms of their essential concepts and their governing formulae of essence, the essences which directly INTRODUCTION 2 make themselves known in intuition, and the connections which have their roots purely in such essences. Each such statement of essence is an a priori statement in the highest sense of the word. (LI, Intro. § 1, p. 249; Hua XIX/1 6)” (Moran,