Polio Vaccination in the United States
Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is the only form of polio prevention used in the United States. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is another form of polio prevention, used in other countries. Patients who are administered OPV are at risk of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) due to exposure to the live virus. In 1996, prior to IPV being the only form of polio vaccination in the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the combined administration of OPV and IPV in vaccination schedules. The number of VAPP cases continued to outnumber wild polio virus cases from 1980 to 1999 in the United States. ACIP then made the recommendation to suspend the use of OPV in 2000. …show more content…
This is due to the OPV’s mechanism of action which not only imparts immunity against all three types of poliovirus but also induces an intestinal reaction culminating with the vaccine virus being shed in feces and spread in areas of poor hygiene and sanitation resulting in passive immunization of the unvaccinated population (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 2010). Additionally, the intestinal immune reaction that occurs with the OPV disrupts the replication of wild-type polio virus rapidly and dramatically within the intestines reducing its rates of person-to-person transmission (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 2010). The aforementioned effects of the OPV along with its affordable cost and ease of administration make it an ideal vaccine for countries grappling with wild-type …show more content…
The United States does not use the OPV vaccine. There are a few advantages of the OPV over the IPV. The OPV dosage does not contain preservatives and is about 95% effective. Many who are against vaccine usage or are allergic choose not to vaccinate due to the preservatives. The preservative free OPV would allow those that decline vaccination or are allergic to immunize. The downfall to the OPV is that a live virus is used and is shed for up to 6 weeks in the vaccinated person’s stool. In areas with poor sanitation and sewage, this may cause the disease to easily
Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is the only form of polio prevention used in the United States. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is another form of polio prevention, used in other countries. Patients who are administered OPV are at risk of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) due to exposure to the live virus. In 1996, prior to IPV being the only form of polio vaccination in the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the combined administration of OPV and IPV in vaccination schedules. The number of VAPP cases continued to outnumber wild polio virus cases from 1980 to 1999 in the United States. ACIP then made the recommendation to suspend the use of OPV in 2000. …show more content…
This is due to the OPV’s mechanism of action which not only imparts immunity against all three types of poliovirus but also induces an intestinal reaction culminating with the vaccine virus being shed in feces and spread in areas of poor hygiene and sanitation resulting in passive immunization of the unvaccinated population (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 2010). Additionally, the intestinal immune reaction that occurs with the OPV disrupts the replication of wild-type polio virus rapidly and dramatically within the intestines reducing its rates of person-to-person transmission (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 2010). The aforementioned effects of the OPV along with its affordable cost and ease of administration make it an ideal vaccine for countries grappling with wild-type …show more content…
The United States does not use the OPV vaccine. There are a few advantages of the OPV over the IPV. The OPV dosage does not contain preservatives and is about 95% effective. Many who are against vaccine usage or are allergic choose not to vaccinate due to the preservatives. The preservative free OPV would allow those that decline vaccination or are allergic to immunize. The downfall to the OPV is that a live virus is used and is shed for up to 6 weeks in the vaccinated person’s stool. In areas with poor sanitation and sewage, this may cause the disease to easily