In Russia, Peter the Great ruled from 1689-1725. He embodied absolutism because he both strengthened the central government and reduced the power of the nobility. He reorganized the government and created a Senate to administer the state. He divided Russia into different provinces to make administration more effective. He forced all landholders to serve in the military or another civil service position. In order to control the Russian Orthodox Church, Peter appointed his own procurator, who made all religious decisions based on his requests. He also forcefully introduced Western customs to Russian society. In France, Louis XIV ruled from 1643-1715. Louis retained the right to make foreign policy, declare war, oversee religious affairs, and
