Climate Change is an urgent challenge for developed and developing countries alike, as it threatens human security across all borders. The international community needs to strengthen its collective efforts against climate change with a sense of urgency. Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) suggested that annual average air temperatures nationwide rose by a rate equivalent to 1.15°C per century between 1898 and 2010. This is considerably higher than the global average temperature rises of 0.74°C over the last century. Not only temperatures have been rising in Japan, they’ve been rising faster here than they have elsewhere — with some of that difference accounted for by the heat-island effect found in …show more content…
In particular, persons, communities and even entire States that occupy and rely upon low-lying coastal lands, tundra and Arctic ice, arid lands, and other delicate ecosystems and at risk territories for their housing and subsistence face the greatest threats from climate change. The United Nations Framework on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, which stipulate concrete targets for developed countries to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, were adopted as international legal frameworks to address climate change. There are also negotiations underway concerning the reduction of emissions beyond 2012 and the establishment of the next international framework on this issue, as the first period of Kyoto Protocol will conclude at the end of 2012. Seventeenth Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP17) was held in Durban, South Africa in December, 2011. At this conference an agreement was reached to launch the Ad-Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, in order to complete the preparations for the implementation of the framework as early as possible, and no later than 2015, so that it will come into effect from