According to Joseph et al. (2000), perchlorate has been lately identified as a persistent and pervasive contaminant of drinking water substances in some of metropolitan regions. Perchlorate is stable beneath normal atmospheric conditions and particularly soluble in water. When a perchlorate compound is released into the environment, it will dissolve in water, and because of its capability to adsorb directly to surfaces, it will be transported thru bulk movement of water and mixing processes (Srinivasan & Viraraghavan, 2009). When the flow is much less or if water turns into stagnant, perchlorate has a tendency to diffuse into clay layers in an aquifer. Perchlorate can be biologically degraded by indigenous microorganisms found in water under anaerobic conditions (Coates et al., 1999).
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Other effects are potential health consequences on mammalian thyroid gland (Gu & Coates, 2006). The perchlorate ion is almost identical in size to the iodide ion and might be taken up into the mammalian thyroid gland. The perchlorate ion blocks the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) protein that generally acts as an iodide pump at the surface of the thyroid follicle. This is a competitive inhibition and consequently reversible when exposure to perchlorate ceases. Therefore, the negative impact is hypothyroidism (Urbansky, 2002). Perchlorate additionally influences other tissues in which NIS is known to be present inside the skin, gastrointestinal tract, breast epithelium, mammary gland, and placenta. The presence of perchlorate decreases the synthesis of circulating thyroid hormones within the adult and reduces their placental transfer to the fetus in pregnant ladies. Iodide uptake inhibition is taken into consideration the mode of action for perchlorate. (Srinivasan & Viraraghavan,
Other effects are potential health consequences on mammalian thyroid gland (Gu & Coates, 2006). The perchlorate ion is almost identical in size to the iodide ion and might be taken up into the mammalian thyroid gland. The perchlorate ion blocks the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) protein that generally acts as an iodide pump at the surface of the thyroid follicle. This is a competitive inhibition and consequently reversible when exposure to perchlorate ceases. Therefore, the negative impact is hypothyroidism (Urbansky, 2002). Perchlorate additionally influences other tissues in which NIS is known to be present inside the skin, gastrointestinal tract, breast epithelium, mammary gland, and placenta. The presence of perchlorate decreases the synthesis of circulating thyroid hormones within the adult and reduces their placental transfer to the fetus in pregnant ladies. Iodide uptake inhibition is taken into consideration the mode of action for perchlorate. (Srinivasan & Viraraghavan,