In this article “Cognition, Convention, and Certainty: What We Need to Know about Writing,” Patricia Bizzell is writing to ask the question: “What do we need to know about writing” (36)? This being a new question developing in the world, has become very important to think upon; which is what Bizzell has done. Bizzell writes: “There is a theoretical camp that sees writing as primarily inner-directed, and there is a theoretical camp that sees writing as a primarily outer-directed” (37). Inner-directed theorists believe that universal, fundamental structures can be taught, outer-directed theorists do not, believing that thinking and language use can never occur free of a social context that conditions them. Bizzell demonstrates both inner, and
