Parkinson's Disease Complications

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Parkinson’s disease (PD), a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, “affects over four million people worldwide” Dorsey et al, 2007. Classically, it is characterized by its motor symptoms, such as: “rigidity, tremor, postural unbalance, and bradykinesia/aki- nesia" Braak, 2003; Jankovic 2008. However, just recently has its non-motor implications been observed and taken into consideration. People are less aware of the degeneration in the brain involving non-dopamine nerve cells that also occur and grow in intensity as the disease progresses. This degeneration leads to a variety of non-motor symptoms that are significant, since “they are not well controlled currently due to the lack of recognition from physicians” Jankovic, 2008). These complications

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