A variety of questions were asked the children such as; is it easy or hard for them to obtain access to cigarettes, their readiness to smoke, parents modeling behavior and exposure to antismoking discussion from parents (Jackson & Henriksen, 1997). The parents modeling appeared to be one of two strongest finding that contributed to the likelihood of preteens taking on smoking. The second was that despite parental smoking if parents used antismoking socialization then the likelihood of their children smoking later on (Jackson & Henriksen, 1997). However, it has been stressed that parental influences are stronger at a younger age (Jackson & Henriksen, …show more content…
The first article by Schafer (2011) Family functioning in families with alcohol and other drug addiction examine the effects of addiction on the family. Social, environmental and economical factors directly affects the family dynamics. Interviews were given to the participates and majority of the findings shown that they felt dysfunctional because of childhood trauma and used addiction to cope (Schafer, 2011). Furthermore, most of the participates felt they were not able to deal with the childhood trauma and therefore brought their past baggage into their current intimate relationships (Schafer, 2011). Additionally, the participates continued the dysfunctional behavior they experienced into their own parenting styles (Schafer,