Pap Smear Research Paper

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DISCUSSION
The detection of preinvasive and invasive cervical epithelial abnormalities cervical Pap smears has become a very important screening test. This screening test is a simple, inexpensive and reliable method for screening of female population which greatly reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical carcinoma, if detected in its precancerous stage.
The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Pap test as initial screening test and confirm the diagnosis followed by gold standard histopathological evaluation in order to reveal the incidence of cervical cancer. Then the tissue positive for dysplastic changes are subjected to IHC studies for HPV screening.
Two thousand two hundred and thirty four cases …show more content…
(1976) 168 25/14.9 87%
Richart and Vailant (1965) 273 3/1.1 98.6%
Padmaja Kulkarni 15 2/11.6 88.23%
Present study 11 1/8.33 91.6%

In the present study 11 cases was true positive and 1 cases was false negative (8.33%). The sensitivity of Pap smear cytology was 91.6% in concordance with Padmaja Kulkarni study forming 88.23%. In the present study underdiagnosis or sampling error could be attributed to the false negative smears.

Table 24
IHC P16INK4a marker diagnostic marker of cervical cancer and HPV detection
Lesions Milena Karchena (2007) Present study p16INK4a p16INK4a Positivity Negativity Positivity Negativity
Non dysplastic lesions - 13 - 11
SIL 17 2 7 -
Carcinoma 21 - 4 -

In the present study p16INK4a overexpression was observed in 7 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesions and 4 cases of cervical carcinoma cases. All 11 cases (50%) of non- dysplastic cervical lesions are negative for p16INK4a. In Milena karchena study all 13 (100%) cases are also negative with p16INK4a marker. P16INK4a overexpression was found in 17 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesions and 21 cases of cervical carcinoma, but 2 cases of SIL showed

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