The purpose of this investigation was to test the effect of exposure to tobacco smoke on the larval development of Vanessa cardui, commonly known as the Painted Lady. The hypothesis for this experiment was, “if tobacco smoke has a negative effect on the development of Vanessa cardui larvae, then, larvae exposed to tobacco smoke for 15,10, or 5 minutes will display reduced length (cm) compared to control larvae receiving 0 minutes exposure”. To start the experiment, the condiment cups for each experimental trial were placed around each of the three candle holders. Then the 5 minute trial cigarette was lit with a lighter and a plastic bowl was placed over it. This step was then repeated for the 10 and 15 minute trials. The timer was started and
