Pain is a stressor commonly reported by patients after critical illness. Not surprisingly, there are not always correlation between the patient’s assessment of pain and the nursing or medical staff assessment of the pain that the patient is experiencing. This is due to the fact that pain is a very individual experience with many behavioural psychological and social factors that may increase or decrease the patient’s perception of response to and report of pain (Hucther 2010, Macintyre etal 2010). The aspects of pain will differ between patients changing the degree of pain they feel (D’Arcg 2011, Macintgre etal, 2010). While pain assessment is difficult in critically ill patients, pain must be assessed in a valid and reliable manner to ensure
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BPS (Behavioural Pain Scale) and critical care pain observation tools are more the most dependable and valid preferences for pain assessment. Moreover, an appropriate pain assessments tool should be utilised taking into consideration the patients ability to communication. Assessments should be conducted regularly as this has been shown to result in better pain control with more frequent adjustments to analgesic medication (Ramsden 2011)
Long term effects of unrelieved pain include increased length of stay in hospital and increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder after discharge Unrelieved pain is associated with adverse patient outcomes.
Management of pain improves patient’s outcomes whatever the clinical context. (Barr etal 2013, Macintyre etal, 2010)
In ICU environment effective pain management extends to an overall decrease in cost to the organisation as well a decrease in unplanned extubations, line removals, duration of Mechanical ventilation and length of stay in ICU, (Sessler 2009, Pedram 2009). Analysis’s can be administered through a variety of methods. IV bolus IV Patient controlled, IV continuous, Oral rectal, transdermal in haled (Siedlecki,
BPS (Behavioural Pain Scale) and critical care pain observation tools are more the most dependable and valid preferences for pain assessment. Moreover, an appropriate pain assessments tool should be utilised taking into consideration the patients ability to communication. Assessments should be conducted regularly as this has been shown to result in better pain control with more frequent adjustments to analgesic medication (Ramsden 2011)
Long term effects of unrelieved pain include increased length of stay in hospital and increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder after discharge Unrelieved pain is associated with adverse patient outcomes.
Management of pain improves patient’s outcomes whatever the clinical context. (Barr etal 2013, Macintyre etal, 2010)
In ICU environment effective pain management extends to an overall decrease in cost to the organisation as well a decrease in unplanned extubations, line removals, duration of Mechanical ventilation and length of stay in ICU, (Sessler 2009, Pedram 2009). Analysis’s can be administered through a variety of methods. IV bolus IV Patient controlled, IV continuous, Oral rectal, transdermal in haled (Siedlecki,