Prior to delving in and analyzing the various responses of Huxley, Ryle, and Armstrong, a synopsis highlighting the key points of “An Unfortunate Dualist” is essential. Ultimately, Smullyan paints a picture of a protagonist who is extremely unhappy due to his philosophical inclinations. He reasons he cannot commit suicide for it will not be a rational act given the various associations he believes suicide holds. This dualist, comes across a miraculous drug which will annihilate the soul, yet leaving the physical body- his perfect solution. During the night, a friend who is aware of his sufferings sneaks in and injects the drug.…
In the first chapter of the book, called "Dueling Dualisms" Anne Fausto-Sterling's begins by discussing how the differences between the social expression of gender as well the physical underpinnings of gender have been intensely debated over the last few decades. Sexologists, Money and Ehrhardt introduced the now popular idea that gender and sex are two different and separate categories, with sex as signifying "physical attributes and is anatomically and physiologically determined" and gender as a "psychological transformation of the self" or the "conviction that one is either male or female...and the behavior expressions of that conviction" (3). The 1970's second-wave feminists, for example, believed in these two separate categories and thought…
(Newmann, 1981) However, with so many outside factors beyond the classroom (education politics, school finances, and parental involvement) it is hard to pass up any reforms to help these students. In result, these students undergo hidden curriculum that teaches lower-class students to conform in order to prepare them for a working-class job while students from better-funded school are taught to express individuality to prepare them for white-collar…
“When the society undoes each workday what the school tries to do each school day, schooling can’t make much of a difference.” (Barber, 2014, P. 212) Inevitably, society has a greater influence than education does, as Americans learn by examples taught down by previous generations. The American people have reduced education to a…
When we first learned about Bobbie Harro’s Cycle of socialization I didn’t quite believe the dynamic of power that exists in education. Schools are given less to work with when the students come from lower classes. Most of the parents have less power than those with more money, so these children are overlooked and left out. Harro says that “…we need education for critical consciousness….” (Harro, 2000, 29).…
In the midst of Nazism, Hitler's malicious and frightful words carve their way through people’s mind and soul, at the same time some characters in the book thief stands as an evidence that people who do not wish to be influence by Hitler's weapon like words; develop the quality of duality in their identity, in order to survive in the society where contradiction against Hitler's word leads to death. The character of Hans Huberman exhibits in the story as a law abiding citizen in the eyes of society, but in reality, he offers ascend to some activities that directly opposes the Nazi ideology. Hans Huberman, a law abiding citizen, so much so that he abides to join the Nazi party, while in reality he is hiding a Jew named Max in his house, by doing…
Jean Piaget’s study of the development of reasoning gives us the best insights into how we develop the self. This is best understood by assessing the insights of Cartesian dualism. ‘ Cogito ergo sum’ is Latin for ‘I think, therefore I am’. In contrast, subjective interactionists claim that the “I” is the subjective self, whereas the “me” is objective. The older I get, the better I am at reasoning with my surroundings; even if I consider my body to be part of my environment.…
According to John Taylor Gatto, author of “Against Schools,” the public education system “cripples” the children of today. In the reading, Gatto claims that the public education system causes children to become bored with themselves, to obey the way of the school and its teachers, and lacks to teach them the ability to deal with issues that go on in the real world, outside of school. Moreover, Jean Anyon, author of “From Social Class and Hidden Curriculum of Work,” compares and contrasts the different social class school systems. This includes, working class, middle class, affluent professional, and executive elite. As Anyon goes into detail about the interactions in the classroom between the teachers and the students, it appears that the higher the social class, the better the education provided is.…
In this paper, I will define and describe the mind body problem, defend the position of property dualism, support my claim through the problem of personal identity and the problem of interaction, and provide one refute using epiphenomenalism. The mind-body problem the question of how our consciousness is created through the interaction of mental and brain states. The best way to describe the interaction between mental and brain states is through property dualism. A supporting argument for property dualism is through the problem of personal identity. Through the problem of interacting, property dualism is further strengthened as an accurate way to describe the mind-body problem.…
Women are often placed in one of two discrete categories, that of a “good” or a "bad” woman. A good woman is one who takes on all of the characteristics previously described as expected of women. A bad woman, on the other hand, does not. If a woman is judged to be a “good” woman she is then honored and respected, but if a woman is judged to be a “bad” woman than she is subject to being “used, abused, and deceived” (Mirande 1979:474). This categorization of women as good or bad has been explained through the concept of a ’contradictory dualism,’ where a man needs to protect the ‘good’ women (his wife and daughters) from other ‘predatory males’ while at the same time he who is doing the protecting is one of these predatory males that women need…
Ex Machina is a movie based on the present where a CEO of an internet company named Nathan creates an A.I. in which he begins to run multiple exams. Nathan the CEO run many tests until he believes the A.I. Ava has passed his test which leads onto the final exam the Turing Test. Nathan chooses one of his workers who fit the criteria to be a component in the Turing Test to learn the capabilities and consciousness of the A.I. Ava. Before he begins the test the worker Nathan has chosen to name Caleb is told that the A.I. has the brain which is a gel substance that stores memories. As the test comes close the end, both Nathan and Caleb find out that Eva is far more aware, conscious and deceptive than either one could imagine.…
“When people see some things as beautiful, other things become ugly. When people see some things as good, other things become bad”(Lao Tzu, 2). Non-dualism doesn’t really make much sense at first. How can two opposites be interrelated?…
The view of physicalism gives a stronger and more plausible answer to the mind-body problem. There are several reasons why this particular view gives a more sensible for answer to the problem at hand. These reasons include the rationale behind the reasoning of brain research, how the different aspects of reductive physicalism is able to address the non-physical aspects of the mind, as well as the less than sensible claims that the opposing view, dualism, presents in comparison. One of the main reasons why physicalism is able to prove itself to be the better answer to the mind-body problem is based off of research that society has learned about on the brain.…
In the essay Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work by Jean Anyon, she explores how different social classes influence education. She achieves this by observing five different 5th grade classrooms that she divided into the categories of “Working Class,” “Middle Class,” “Affluence Professional,” and “Executive Elite.” A “Working Class” school is a school that values order and gives the teacher complete control over the students. These classrooms mainly work on copying and rote memorization without knowing the ‘how’ or ‘why’ behind what they are asked to do. An “Executive Elite” school is a school that values analytical and comparative thinking and they work on analyzing things and applying or comparing them to current situations or scenarios.…
Substance dualism is a philosophical position that claims that two kinds of substances constitute reality: mental substances (for example, minds) and physical substances (for example, tables). Philosophers use the word “substance” to denote a fundamental aspect of reality that cannot be broken down further. In other words, substance dualism claims there are two fundamental aspects of reality that are irreducible. Philosophers have argued for the truth of substance dualism in several ways. One type of argument claims that there is a gap between understanding the mind and the brain; these are called explanatory gap arguments.…