Introduction
Orthodontic treatment has been a very popular option used in restoring both function and esthics. A high surge of these treatments has been increased 100% in fold since 1982 [ortho1]. Most orthodontic patients that seek treatment have been between the ages 6-18 years, estimated to be four million, whereas one million adult patients seek orthodontic treatments in North America [ortho1]. There is an estimated 17-43% of objective juvenile patients in need of orthodontic treatment [ortho1]. This shows a rising increase in the need of orthodontic treatment, and with the increasing dental awareness and affordability of orthodontic treatment, there will be a continued rise expected to grow in the near future.
These treatments have been …show more content…
The risk of bacteremia is observed in many dental treatments such as extractions, periodontal procedures, endodontic operations, and tooth brushing [ortho2]. The prevalence of bacteremia occurrence has been reported to last about 10 to 30 minutes. For healthy patients, this is an unimportant factor, however bacteremia poses a risk in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, previous bacterial endocarditis, surgically constructed systemic-pulmonary shunts, most congenital cardiac malformations, rheumatic and other acquired valvular dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse with valvular regurgitation, synthetic vascular grafts and prosthetic joints [ortho2]. The prevalence of bacteremia is observed in orthodontic procedures of banding, debanding, debonding/debanding, bonded RME appliance removal, Haas palatal expander removal, gold chain adjustment, mini-implant insertion, and separator placement.
Materials and methods
Literature review on the etiology of bacteremia due to orthodontic appliance and the prevalence of bacteremia in compromised patients. Clinical study articles reviewed to assess the prevalence of bactermia in orthodontic procedures of banding, debanding, debonding/debanding, bonded RME appliance removal, Haas palatal expander removal, gold chain adjustment, mini-implant insertion, and separator placement. Criteria included: …show more content…
The blood samples were collected before and after Haas placement. The result showed no transient bacteremia before the placement, however, a significant bacteremia was detected in half of the subjects. [ortho5]
Discussion
An extensive review of literature revealed low bacteremia prevalence in debonding/debanding and miniscrews procedures and high bacteremia prevalence in the removal of Haas palatal expander.
In Burden et al, debonding/debanding study, the removal of the appliance involved two procedures which can cause transient bacteremia during bracket and band removal. During these procedures trauma is caused to the gingival margin, however due to their supra-gingival positioning, trauma is rare [ortho3]. This may account to the low 3-13% before and after placement, respectively. Visual inspection of plaque accumulation or the gingival condition was not found to be useful predictor of bacteremia. The relationship between mean plaque scores or gingival scores showed no significance.
Bacteremia seems to be a common daily event in healthy individuals which can [ortho3]. There’s also not a significant relationship between orthodontic treatment and endocarditis; Burden et al 2001 study suggests that the relationship is more coincidental rather than causal
Orthodontic treatment has been a very popular option used in restoring both function and esthics. A high surge of these treatments has been increased 100% in fold since 1982 [ortho1]. Most orthodontic patients that seek treatment have been between the ages 6-18 years, estimated to be four million, whereas one million adult patients seek orthodontic treatments in North America [ortho1]. There is an estimated 17-43% of objective juvenile patients in need of orthodontic treatment [ortho1]. This shows a rising increase in the need of orthodontic treatment, and with the increasing dental awareness and affordability of orthodontic treatment, there will be a continued rise expected to grow in the near future.
These treatments have been …show more content…
The risk of bacteremia is observed in many dental treatments such as extractions, periodontal procedures, endodontic operations, and tooth brushing [ortho2]. The prevalence of bacteremia occurrence has been reported to last about 10 to 30 minutes. For healthy patients, this is an unimportant factor, however bacteremia poses a risk in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, previous bacterial endocarditis, surgically constructed systemic-pulmonary shunts, most congenital cardiac malformations, rheumatic and other acquired valvular dysfunction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse with valvular regurgitation, synthetic vascular grafts and prosthetic joints [ortho2]. The prevalence of bacteremia is observed in orthodontic procedures of banding, debanding, debonding/debanding, bonded RME appliance removal, Haas palatal expander removal, gold chain adjustment, mini-implant insertion, and separator placement.
Materials and methods
Literature review on the etiology of bacteremia due to orthodontic appliance and the prevalence of bacteremia in compromised patients. Clinical study articles reviewed to assess the prevalence of bactermia in orthodontic procedures of banding, debanding, debonding/debanding, bonded RME appliance removal, Haas palatal expander removal, gold chain adjustment, mini-implant insertion, and separator placement. Criteria included: …show more content…
The blood samples were collected before and after Haas placement. The result showed no transient bacteremia before the placement, however, a significant bacteremia was detected in half of the subjects. [ortho5]
Discussion
An extensive review of literature revealed low bacteremia prevalence in debonding/debanding and miniscrews procedures and high bacteremia prevalence in the removal of Haas palatal expander.
In Burden et al, debonding/debanding study, the removal of the appliance involved two procedures which can cause transient bacteremia during bracket and band removal. During these procedures trauma is caused to the gingival margin, however due to their supra-gingival positioning, trauma is rare [ortho3]. This may account to the low 3-13% before and after placement, respectively. Visual inspection of plaque accumulation or the gingival condition was not found to be useful predictor of bacteremia. The relationship between mean plaque scores or gingival scores showed no significance.
Bacteremia seems to be a common daily event in healthy individuals which can [ortho3]. There’s also not a significant relationship between orthodontic treatment and endocarditis; Burden et al 2001 study suggests that the relationship is more coincidental rather than causal