Lakoff and Johnson (1980) categorize conceptual metaphors into 3 classifications: ontological metaphors, structural metaphors and orientational metaphors.
1. Orientational metaphors
Orientational metaphors, also known as spatial metaphors, are a series of metaphorical concepts which are constructed with reference to spatial orientation, which comes from people’s emotional and physical experience. The concepts are related in the following ways: up or down, in or out, front or back, on or off, deep or shallow. Cognitive linguistics holds that this kind of metaphor project the spatial concept of the source domain onto an abstract target domain and cross-domain mapping is not random, but rooted in our body structure, daily life experience and knowledge. …show more content…
A taxiway shoulder is a prepared area adjacent to the edge of a paved taxiway provided to minimize foreign object damage to aeroplanes, and to buttress the full strength pavement.
Provision of apron shoulders is recommended as good practice but is left to the discretion of the individual aerodrome operators.
We know that shoulders act as joint parts on the body. There is a daily expression called ‘shoulder to shoulder’, which means two people are in the position of side by side. Then we can understand runway shoulders by way of conceptualization. Runway shoulders are joint parts of the movement area and the runway. As the definition indicates, the shoulder is a defined area adjacent to the edge of a runway. So we can see that metaphor is a very powerful and helpful way in understanding new terms. All these are metaphorical expressions for the metaphor that aerodromes are …show more content…
It is a form of the aircraft tail, composed of left and right airfoils, fixed in the tail of the fuselage, with a large anti-angle on the flat tail. Then here comes the question, why do we call such tails as butterfly ones? The reason is quite simple. If we see the aircraft from the rear point.it is just in the shape of a butterfly. For aviation English starters, understand and master key terms maybe a little difficult thus metaphor provide them a means of understanding from other source domains.
Butterfly valve, also known as flap valve, is a simple structure of the control valve which can be used for low-pressure pipe medium switch control. The butterfly valve is controlled by a disc or butterfly plate, through rotation to achieve the opening and closing operation. Here the butterfly metaphor is employed to designate the rotation of the plate, thus enabling people understand the technical term from our daily experience.
3. Structural
1. Orientational metaphors
Orientational metaphors, also known as spatial metaphors, are a series of metaphorical concepts which are constructed with reference to spatial orientation, which comes from people’s emotional and physical experience. The concepts are related in the following ways: up or down, in or out, front or back, on or off, deep or shallow. Cognitive linguistics holds that this kind of metaphor project the spatial concept of the source domain onto an abstract target domain and cross-domain mapping is not random, but rooted in our body structure, daily life experience and knowledge. …show more content…
A taxiway shoulder is a prepared area adjacent to the edge of a paved taxiway provided to minimize foreign object damage to aeroplanes, and to buttress the full strength pavement.
Provision of apron shoulders is recommended as good practice but is left to the discretion of the individual aerodrome operators.
We know that shoulders act as joint parts on the body. There is a daily expression called ‘shoulder to shoulder’, which means two people are in the position of side by side. Then we can understand runway shoulders by way of conceptualization. Runway shoulders are joint parts of the movement area and the runway. As the definition indicates, the shoulder is a defined area adjacent to the edge of a runway. So we can see that metaphor is a very powerful and helpful way in understanding new terms. All these are metaphorical expressions for the metaphor that aerodromes are …show more content…
It is a form of the aircraft tail, composed of left and right airfoils, fixed in the tail of the fuselage, with a large anti-angle on the flat tail. Then here comes the question, why do we call such tails as butterfly ones? The reason is quite simple. If we see the aircraft from the rear point.it is just in the shape of a butterfly. For aviation English starters, understand and master key terms maybe a little difficult thus metaphor provide them a means of understanding from other source domains.
Butterfly valve, also known as flap valve, is a simple structure of the control valve which can be used for low-pressure pipe medium switch control. The butterfly valve is controlled by a disc or butterfly plate, through rotation to achieve the opening and closing operation. Here the butterfly metaphor is employed to designate the rotation of the plate, thus enabling people understand the technical term from our daily experience.
3. Structural