The implementation of the Vicious Lawless Associate Disestablishment (VLAD) Act in 2013 saw the execution of strong mandatory sentences for those identified as vicious lawless associates who have participated in declared offences . While these laws are aimed at increasing public protection and safety through the disestablishment of criminal gangs, it is argued that VLAD act violates the rights of certain associations throughout Queensland whilst also disregarding principles of the Rule of Law . Definition of a Vicious Lawless Associate Under Section 5 (1) of the VLAD Act, a person needs to satisfy three elements in order to be considered a vicious lawless associate. These include if the person (a) commits a declared offence and; (b) at the…
Q.1. 1 [250 words] Name three major problems with the concept of crime as criminal behaviour. “Criminal behaviour is defined by the laws of particular jurisdictions, and there are sometimes vast differences between and even within countries regarding what types of behaviour are prohibited”. (Edge, 2016). One of the key problems is that throughout the world many countries consider some criminal acts to be more serious than others for example marijuana is an illegal drug in Ireland but is legal in Alaska.…
THE SOCIOLOGY OF CRIME AND DEVIANCE AC 1. In this essay I will be explaining the distinction between crime and deviance within society and be able to provide illustrative examples to acquire an easy understanding of them. Later, evaluate and compare some sociological perspectives and their points of views in terms of crime and deviance as well as recognising limitations about particular methods of measure crime.…
A serious problem that is going on in the United States is criminal street gangs. The Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security’s Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) defined gangs as “an association of three or more individuals, who members identify themselves by adopting a group identity with a purpose to engage in criminal activity by using force and/or intimidation and such crime are used to enhance or preserve the association’s power, reputation or economic resources” (National Gang Center, National Youth Gang Survey Analysis). The term “gang” is not a new concept as historians have traced this term back to the mid-1700s. However, gang violence has changed and evolved since the first recorded gang activity. Gang…
When Australia became a federation on the first of January 1901 many of the laws and conventions that we have today were taken from the major global influences of the time: America and England. This is why like the United States, but unlike the United Kingdom, Australia has a written constitution that prescribes the rules and regulations that must be followed by the Australian people, government and legal system. One segment of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (1901) is considered to be a major base element of how Australia is run. This segment of the constitution is largely prescribed in the first three chapters of the Australian Constitution; this concept is often referred to as the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers. It…
Introduction This essay examines the Anti-social behaviour Orders, that were implemented in the United Kingdom, and disputes the fact that it socially excludes already ostracized and disadvantaged persons within society. This is due that it only removes the problem behaviours from particular environments and doesn’t address the cause of the offending. Firstly, this essay will address antisocial behaviour orders and the will give a brief overview of there implementation and there indented outcome. It will then go onto discuss crime preventions theories that where taken into consideration when designing theses orders, such as developmental crime prevention, primary prevention and differential association. The essay will then review the detrimental…
I based my NHD on the notorious mob crime that occurred in the roaring twenties. From the day-to-day danger of death to the risks one had to take in order to stay alive, the action packed era is what inspired my decision. But what primarily made me choose this topic was the infamous gamblers, smugglers, drug dealers, bootleggers, and the hit men. The well known mobsters who have integrated themselves into history. A few like Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Charles Luciano, Meyer lansky, and Frank Nitti brought a new meaning to the word dangerous.…
Street habitus: Gangs, territorialism and social change in Glasgow. Journal of Youth Studies, 16(8), 970-985. 10.1080/13676261.2013.793791 • Freng, A., Davis, T., McCord, K., & Roussell, A. (2012). The New American Gang? Gangs in Indian Country.…
The 1920’s was an era of growth, modernization, and technological revolution as well as the advancement of organized crime. Long before the start of the prohibition there were small time racketeers but nobody payed close attention to them or really cared what they had to offer. The major shift in popularity came in the early 1920’s when organized crime became increasingly commercial. Daily headlines in the newspaper transitioned from movie reviews to the previous night’s bloody massacre.…
Conflicts as property is an initially perplexing notion. Published in a 1977 issue of The British Journal of Criminology, “Conflicts as Property” is an article criticising industrialised legal criminal systems and proposing a new, reformed system. Nils Christie suggests that conflicts are entities that are taken from their rightful owners. He later describes a hypothetical legal system where “professional thievery” of conflicts is nonexistent. By use of an analogy and several sub-ideas he deconstructs the concept.…
The Culture of Control is a historical and sociological approach that aims to explain how the contemporary criminal justice systems of the United States and the United Kingdom came to be. Garland’s genealogical analysis relies upon the observations of change within the social, political, and cultural realms of society, throughout the 20th century, and claims it is these transformations that allow us to better understand the current landscape of modern crime control. Garland achieves this objective by distinguishing the differences between the penal-welfare system and the ‘late modern’ system and emphasizes upon the adaptive tendencies of prior conditions to define our present day crime control practices. In order to describe our current system,…
In the study of organized crime there has been much debate over definitions and theories in the pursuit of explaining gang related crime. One issue that has yet to be fully resolved is what the definitive definition of what a gang is. Another current argument is over which of the various competing positivist and constructionist perspectives in the field of sociology explains deviance. One theory that has emerged from the rest is Merton’s anomie-strain theory. Fortunately, there is one thing that is agreed upon, organized crime has shown that it knows no borders when it comes to expansion and is an international issue.…
Introduction “He who does not prevent a crime when he can, encourages it”, a quote from Lucius Annaeus Seneca that helps describe how society views and “prevents” crime. Criminal theories attempt to construct views on how to prevent and fight crime but often the criminal justice system is working against society. The two theories that are explained within are the social learning theory and rational choice theory. These theories will construct views as to how and why the seven crimes are committed using the concepts within the theories.…
Douglas Hay in his chapter “Property, Authority and the Criminal Law” was arguing that the criminal law system during the eighteenth century made it possible to govern England without the use of a police force or large army. In contrast to this argument is John Langbein’s argument in his article “Albion’s Fatal Flaws.” Langbein argued that the criminal law and its procedures existed to serve and protect the interests of those who were victims of crime – a group that was largely non-elite. Of these two arguments I believe Hay’s argument holds more weight and is more convincing. Langbein’s article is in response to the first chapter only of Hay’s book Albion’s Fatal Tree.…
His detailed investigations reach many logical inferences, particularly about magistrates’ leniency in differentiating between willful offenders and poor parents, which may have unintentionally undermined how they judged. He provides evidence with thorough historiography to refute claims that they impeded the Act from making a critical difference in that corruption has been exaggerated, misrepresenting a successful piece of…