Byron identified ten classical principles and encouraged readers to come up with their understanding of each. The Principle of Integrity identifies wholeness, solidity of character, honesty, trustworthiness, and responsibility. Veracity involves telling the truth in all circumstances including accountability and transparency. Fairness or justice means treating equals equally. Human Dignity acknowledges a person’s inherent worth simply for being human. Participation respects another’s right not to be ignored on the job or shut out from decision making within the organization. Commitment is counted for dependability, reliability, fidelity, and loyalty. Social Responsibility points to an obligation to look to the interests of the broader community and to treat the community as a stakeholder. The Common Good operates as a solution to individualism that aligns personal interests with the community wellbeing. Subsidiarity or delegation and decentralization keep decision making close to the ground. No decision should be taken at a higher level that can be made as effectively and efficiently at a lower level in the …show more content…
Organizational cultures exist and operate in the context of macro-cultures that influence the evolution of the organizational culture. The subcultures reflect the functional units, the ranks, and levels in hierarchies in the organization; these are artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions and values. Artifacts are at the surface, aspects that can be easily distinguished nonetheless, tough to understand. These are visual organizational structures and processes that can be seen, heard, felt when one encounter unfamiliar culture. Beneath artifacts are espoused values that are conscious strategies, goals and philosophies; ideologies, a rationalization that begin, as shared values subsequently becomes shared assumption. Espoused values may or may not be congruent with behavior and artifacts. Basic Assumptions and Values are the core or essence, of culture is represented by the basic underlying assumptions and values that are difficult to discern since they exist at an unconscious level and taken for granted. Individuals and groups seek stability and meaning from culture that defines the character and identity of the group and can function as a cognitive defense mechanism. In that sense, culture can distort new data by denial, projection,