To better understanding the scope of problem, it is necessary to have a clear definition of bullying and a clear and concise description of what bullying behaviour involves. How bullying is defined and characteristics of bullying are described varies greatly in the literature. According to a commonly referenced definition of bullying given by Olweus (1994) bullying is a chronic form of victimization or aggression involving attempts to harm the other person (as cited in Benitez & Justica, 2006). During the construction of Olweus’s initial definition of bullying, many researchers agreed that bullying behaviour include the following five features of bullying (Benitez & Justica, 2006; Tritt & Duncan, 1997): (1) bullying consists of behaviour that
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It is widely agreed that there are three types of bullying. They are physical, verbal and indirect forms of bullying (Berger, 2007; Blood, Boyle, Blood, & Nalesnik, 2010). Cyber bullying is recent phenomenon which include a branch of verbal and indirect form of bullying (Fortner, 2012). Smith and Ananiadou (2003) described physical bullying as direct bullying or open attacks on the victim while Rivers and Smith (1994) defined it as tangible behaviours. According to Smith and Ananiadou (2003) physical bullying includes hitting, kicking, punching, taking belongings or stolen from and pushing etc. verbal bullying often described as teasing, name calling, taunting, spreading false rumours, acts of humiliation, black-mailing, sending hurtful notes or messages (Smith & Ananiadou, 2003) Wang, Iannotti, and Nansel (2009) suggest that indirect forms of bullying include social exclusion or systematically excluding, ignoring, and …show more content…
Wang et al. (2009) conducted a study of 7,182 students in grades 6 to 10 and found that 25.9% experienced physical bullying, 73.2% experienced verbal bullying and 81.6% experienced indirect form of bullying. However, different result were found in Kidscape Survey (1999). According to this survey, 75% of men were physically bullied, 85% of men were verbally bullied and 30% of men were indirectly bullied. Of those women who were bullied, 62% were physically bullied, 93% were verbally bullied and 60% were indirectly
It is widely agreed that there are three types of bullying. They are physical, verbal and indirect forms of bullying (Berger, 2007; Blood, Boyle, Blood, & Nalesnik, 2010). Cyber bullying is recent phenomenon which include a branch of verbal and indirect form of bullying (Fortner, 2012). Smith and Ananiadou (2003) described physical bullying as direct bullying or open attacks on the victim while Rivers and Smith (1994) defined it as tangible behaviours. According to Smith and Ananiadou (2003) physical bullying includes hitting, kicking, punching, taking belongings or stolen from and pushing etc. verbal bullying often described as teasing, name calling, taunting, spreading false rumours, acts of humiliation, black-mailing, sending hurtful notes or messages (Smith & Ananiadou, 2003) Wang, Iannotti, and Nansel (2009) suggest that indirect forms of bullying include social exclusion or systematically excluding, ignoring, and …show more content…
Wang et al. (2009) conducted a study of 7,182 students in grades 6 to 10 and found that 25.9% experienced physical bullying, 73.2% experienced verbal bullying and 81.6% experienced indirect form of bullying. However, different result were found in Kidscape Survey (1999). According to this survey, 75% of men were physically bullied, 85% of men were verbally bullied and 30% of men were indirectly bullied. Of those women who were bullied, 62% were physically bullied, 93% were verbally bullied and 60% were indirectly