Nt1310 Unit 1 Exercise 1

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In this section the fast-recovery algorithm that makes TCP NewReno[1] perform better than the Reno[3], is described. During congestion avoidance if the sender receives triple duplicate ACKs, then it performs fast-retransmission and enters into fast-recovery. In fast-retransmit the sender retransmits the lost segment,sets the threshold value for slow-start as ssthresh = cwnd/2, and sets congestion window, cwnd = ssthresh+3 segments. In fast-recovery, the sender increases its congestion window by one segment for each subsequent duplicate ACK received that indicates a segment is reaching the destination. It can transmit new segments if permitted by its congestion window. In Reno, when the sender receives a non-duplicate ACK it sets congestion window(cwnd) to slow-start threshold(ssthresh), terminates fast-recovery, and resumes normal congestion avoidance phase. …show more content…
TCP NewReno modifies this fast-recovery behavior of Reno. It distinguishes the non-duplicate ACKs as- full ACK(FA) and partial ACK(PA). A full ACK acknowledges all segments from the start of the fast-recovery phase, but partial ACK acknowledges some but not all segments. In Reno only partial ACK is used that terminates the fast recovery. But NewReno retransmits the segment next in sequence based on the partial ACK, and reduces the congestion window by one less than the number of segments acknowledged by the partial ACK. It recovers from multiple segment losses in the same window by retransmitting one lost segment per RTT, remaining in fast-recovery until a full ACK is received.After receiving a full ACK, NewReno sets congestion window to slow-start threshold, terminates fast-recovery, and resumes congestion

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