Once at the helm of an organization or department, such leaders will lead to the development of factions among the workers (Schyns & Schilling, 2013). One faction will consist of pawns, supporters, and patrons while the other faction is made up of individuals who will remain true to their principles. Ultimately, the performance of the organization is compromised. For instance, poor leadership has been shown to stifle creativity and sophisticated thinking, which in turn, can negatively affect the organization in both the short and long-term (Kellerman, 2004; Lipman-Blumen, 2005; Reed, 2004). Consequently, the behavior of toxic leaders can redirect the efforts of employees from focusing on the mission of the organization to self-protection and other unproductive behaviors (Harris, Kacmar, & Zivnuska, 2007). In addition, the suffering of employees can devastate organizational success and can lead to the destruction of the organization (Lipman-Blumen, 2005; Reed, 2004; Tepper,
Once at the helm of an organization or department, such leaders will lead to the development of factions among the workers (Schyns & Schilling, 2013). One faction will consist of pawns, supporters, and patrons while the other faction is made up of individuals who will remain true to their principles. Ultimately, the performance of the organization is compromised. For instance, poor leadership has been shown to stifle creativity and sophisticated thinking, which in turn, can negatively affect the organization in both the short and long-term (Kellerman, 2004; Lipman-Blumen, 2005; Reed, 2004). Consequently, the behavior of toxic leaders can redirect the efforts of employees from focusing on the mission of the organization to self-protection and other unproductive behaviors (Harris, Kacmar, & Zivnuska, 2007). In addition, the suffering of employees can devastate organizational success and can lead to the destruction of the organization (Lipman-Blumen, 2005; Reed, 2004; Tepper,