Most likely, because of the abnormal sickle shape cells, they are known to buildup and obstruct blood flow in small vessels in the kidneys, which can damage kidneys and their function [10]. Figure 1.0 depicts this restriction of blood flow in small blood vessels. Over time, this can lead to excess urine buildup due to the kidneys inability to reabsorb water, thus leading to nocturnal enuresis. If kidney function is impaired, toxins that are normally filtered by the kidneys may instead still circulate in the blood and can affect the bladder, urethra, ureters and other organs. It is important to note that patients with these symptoms can get dehydrated due to the increased urine excretion, so patients should stay hydrated during the day to help
