The antitumor effect of nivolumab in the melanoma regiment was followed by another trial with 107 patients, where 31% of the patients had an impartial response, with a median duration for 2 years. Of these responders, 15 responded to the therapy by 8 weeks during the first assessment, 12 had continued responses for minimum of 4 months after ending the therapy, while 17 had responses but left the program unexpectedly. Now, nivolumab use has achieved an improved outcome in patients with melanoma and NSCLC (Mahoney et al. 764-782). Moreover, a Phase III trial was conducted in melanoma, where nivolumab was compared to dacarbazine. Out of 418 patients, reports showed the objective response rate (ORR) could increase from ~14% to 40% in the nivolumab treatment, improving the overall survival (OS) from 42.1% to 72.9%. In addition, the severe adverse effects caused by the drugs could decline from 17.6% to 11.7% (Zhou and Zheng 15). As a result, Nivolumab which can target PD-1 receptors, was approved for treating unresectable metastatic melanoma patients in
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In a Phase II trial with metastatic melanoma patients, 103 patients were randomized to two different doses of pidizilumab, 1.5 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg given every 2 weeks for a duration of 7 months. The objective response rate reported using immune-related response criteria (irRC) was 5.9 % for the entire cohort and 10 % for the cohort receiving 1.5 mg/kg. In addition, the overall survival was 65% at 12 months. The treatment was tolerated by the patients with only 4% affected by adverse events. Moreover, it has been reported to act against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and relapsed follicular lymphoma. However, the specificity of pidilizumab for PD-1 has been questioned and investigations are exploring this issue, hence it is still in early stage development of targeting PD-1 receptors (Festino et al.
In a Phase II trial with metastatic melanoma patients, 103 patients were randomized to two different doses of pidizilumab, 1.5 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg given every 2 weeks for a duration of 7 months. The objective response rate reported using immune-related response criteria (irRC) was 5.9 % for the entire cohort and 10 % for the cohort receiving 1.5 mg/kg. In addition, the overall survival was 65% at 12 months. The treatment was tolerated by the patients with only 4% affected by adverse events. Moreover, it has been reported to act against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and relapsed follicular lymphoma. However, the specificity of pidilizumab for PD-1 has been questioned and investigations are exploring this issue, hence it is still in early stage development of targeting PD-1 receptors (Festino et al.