4.3. Niosomes:
Niosomes were developed and patented by L'Oréal in the 1970s and 80s. The first niosomal formulation was introduced by Lancome in 1987 and have been widely applied in pharmaceutics as a demanding tool to improve the delivery of many drugs34. Niosomes are vesicles formed by self-assembly of hydrated and synthetic non-ionic surfactants e.g sorbitans (Spans) or polysorbates (Tweens). Non-ionic surfactants are inexpensive, non-toxic, and can be found in wide variety. Types of surfactants affect encapsulation efficiency, mechanical properties, stability and toxicity of niosomes35.
In fact, they are nanosized vesicles with a bilayer structure that have a hydrophilic core shielded from one or multiple hydrophobic lipid bilayer. This …show more content…
Thereby in comparison to niosomes and marketed formulation, there was sustained release of SSD from niosomal gel which would result in decreased dosing frequency, reduced trauma of the patients and improved patient compliance. In vivo study demonstrated that the wound-healing activity of SSD niosomal gel was more effective in compared to 1% w/w marketed cream even when applied once a day, thus SSD niosomal gel shows good potential for faster burned wound healing. Besides, their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was superior39.
The same group in 2014 evaluated the effect of organic and aqueous solvents used in the preparing of niosomes and some other formulation variables on the entrapment efficiency of SSD40. SSD niosomes were developed by ethanol injection methods using span 60 and tween 60 with cholesterol while keeping the SSD quantity constant (50 mg) then optimized to get the high level of entrapment and sustained release. Optimized niosomes showed the sustained release of 98.14 % over 28 …show more content…
Solid lipid nanoparticles:
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were introduced in the early 1990s as a drug delivery system in order to overcome the drawbacks associated with the traditional colloidal dispersions. The core of SLNs consist of a lipid with a high melting point and is covered with amphiphilic surfactants that form the outer shell in which drug can be efficiently incorporated. They are commonly matrices of lipids, which maintain a solid state at room and body temperature. SLNs have a mean particle size between 50 to 1000 nm and used for the delivery of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs41. Some main advantages of SLNs are:
• The possibility of production on a larger scale and their production is quick and efficient
• Utilization of physiologically acceptable lipid and biocompatible surfactants to prepare SLNs that makes them suitable in living systems and therefore, less stringent regulatory requirements
• from SLN degradation, no acute toxic effects are expected
• SLN formulations can be stable for many years.
• They can tolerate high loading of drugs, so improved pharmacokinetic
Niosomes were developed and patented by L'Oréal in the 1970s and 80s. The first niosomal formulation was introduced by Lancome in 1987 and have been widely applied in pharmaceutics as a demanding tool to improve the delivery of many drugs34. Niosomes are vesicles formed by self-assembly of hydrated and synthetic non-ionic surfactants e.g sorbitans (Spans) or polysorbates (Tweens). Non-ionic surfactants are inexpensive, non-toxic, and can be found in wide variety. Types of surfactants affect encapsulation efficiency, mechanical properties, stability and toxicity of niosomes35.
In fact, they are nanosized vesicles with a bilayer structure that have a hydrophilic core shielded from one or multiple hydrophobic lipid bilayer. This …show more content…
Thereby in comparison to niosomes and marketed formulation, there was sustained release of SSD from niosomal gel which would result in decreased dosing frequency, reduced trauma of the patients and improved patient compliance. In vivo study demonstrated that the wound-healing activity of SSD niosomal gel was more effective in compared to 1% w/w marketed cream even when applied once a day, thus SSD niosomal gel shows good potential for faster burned wound healing. Besides, their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was superior39.
The same group in 2014 evaluated the effect of organic and aqueous solvents used in the preparing of niosomes and some other formulation variables on the entrapment efficiency of SSD40. SSD niosomes were developed by ethanol injection methods using span 60 and tween 60 with cholesterol while keeping the SSD quantity constant (50 mg) then optimized to get the high level of entrapment and sustained release. Optimized niosomes showed the sustained release of 98.14 % over 28 …show more content…
Solid lipid nanoparticles:
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were introduced in the early 1990s as a drug delivery system in order to overcome the drawbacks associated with the traditional colloidal dispersions. The core of SLNs consist of a lipid with a high melting point and is covered with amphiphilic surfactants that form the outer shell in which drug can be efficiently incorporated. They are commonly matrices of lipids, which maintain a solid state at room and body temperature. SLNs have a mean particle size between 50 to 1000 nm and used for the delivery of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs41. Some main advantages of SLNs are:
• The possibility of production on a larger scale and their production is quick and efficient
• Utilization of physiologically acceptable lipid and biocompatible surfactants to prepare SLNs that makes them suitable in living systems and therefore, less stringent regulatory requirements
• from SLN degradation, no acute toxic effects are expected
• SLN formulations can be stable for many years.
• They can tolerate high loading of drugs, so improved pharmacokinetic