Nietzsche And Kant: Metaphysics

Superior Essays
Nietzsche and Kant: Metaphysics

In order to discuss Nietzsche’s critique of metaphysics against Kant’s critique of metaphysical knowledge, we need to have a clear definition of what metaphysics actually is. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that investigates questions concerning the ultimate reality (Masters). Basically, what is real? For example, is materialism true, or are there some sort of spirits associated with the material world? What is the nature of time and space? These are some metaphysical questions. Meta is a Greek prefix meaning beyond. Therefore, metaphysics is that which is beyond physics, as in our material world. Both Nietzsche and Kant had some pretty interesting views on metaphysics in their time. In this
…show more content…
He believed that humans are born with some sort of knowledge about this metaphysical world that you cannot experience (Rohlf). Kant called these beginning concepts synthetic a priori, which all minds have. Kant’s critique of pure reason showed us that he denied speculative reason. He turns to the question “Is it possible to know things in themselves?” In order to for something to be an object of knowledge, we must experience it. However, he says we can never directly experience anything. He argues that our perception of reality is the result of a combined interaction between objects and the internal structures of our minds (Rohlf). For example, if a person is wearing glasses with a blue tint, everything they see will have a view tint. Same way our minds work. They filter objects through the forms of time, space, and causality. Therefore, he concludes that it is impossible to have knowledge of things in …show more content…
“Nietzsche and Phenomenology: Power, Life, Subjectivity.” Project MUSE, Indiana University Press, 2017, muse.jhu.edu/chapter/845305.

Masters, Paul Leon. “Metaphysics.com.” Metaphysicscom, University of Metaphysics, 2010, metaphysics.com/what-is-metaphysics/.

Rohlf, Michael. “Immanuel Kant.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, 20 May 2010, www.plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/.

Silverman, Allan. “Plato's Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, 9 June 2003,

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    Nietzsche was a very critical philosopher in his time. He believed that normative systems in other words, what we believe as morals are derived similarly with varied meanings and values over time. Morals and practices are often associated with cultures. They claim that morals are entirely different in cultures and are not universal in human society. He basically viewed how judgements on cultured morals are relativist claims of others than themselves (Chapter 31, page…

    • 75 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In conclusion, I will present the concise summary of what I wrote in this essay. Friedrich Nietzsche was a German specialist and philosopher that was conceived in the mid-nineteenth century. His book, Beyond Good and Evil was one of the last books he composed, during the time of 1886 to…

    • 952 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Kant effectively quantifies freedom via his argument for his idea of enlightenment, public/private divide, trade off between rational and physical productivity and finally international governance. He runs into problems however in that he fails to effectively quantify the means of acquiring his aspirational goals of perfect moral constitution, universal enlightenment as well as global cosmopolitan governance. The following section will outline first the public private divide followed by means not considered (harm principle) and the second section will outline the means towards global cosmopolitanism as well as the limitations considered. The attainment of enlightenment is one of the highest level of understanding for Kant and correlates…

    • 1511 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    How Siddhartha is going through Nietzsche's Three Metamorphoses For many years intellects from around the world have wondered what the key to true enlightenment is. They have wondered how people can balance their physical and spiritual life, and lead a moral, and satisfying life. With his 1922 novel, Siddhartha, Hermann Hesse addresses these concerns, and through narrating the story of the young prince, tries to answer to these wonders. On a journey of multiple lessons, Siddhartha experiences rebirth, and enlightenment. Moreso, these rebirths Siddhartha undergoes are a representation of the young Brahmin going through the Three Metamorphoses that are seen in Nietzsche’s…

    • 2108 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    art IIII: Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant published A Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) five years after Bentham’s Principles of Morals and Legislations, launching a scathing critique of utilitarianism. Kant proposed that a moral action does not suggest treating individuals as a means to an end. What Kant means by this is that we treat individuals for the sake of something else (means), such as Dudley and Stephens treating Parker as a means to maximise happiness. Instead, a moral action is one that treats individuals as ends in themselves, one that does not account for external influences such as happiness. Individuals are worthy of dignity and respect not because we own our bodies and minds but because we are rational beings, capable of reason and conscious thought.…

    • 1238 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Critique of Reason Through a Nietzschean Lens Reason has arguably been the driving force behind most popular philosophies since the peak of the Greco-Roman era thousands of years ago. The works of philosophers of reason, like Plato, who Nietzsche fervently critiques, have laid the groundwork for many of his ideological successors to proving reason to be the ultimate goal of all philosophy - a way to explain the unknown world and utilize knowledge as a means to quantify and qualify existence. Reason, no doubt, is critical to philosophical thought; however, it’s reached a point where the questions reason poses overpower intuitive and emotional philosophizing that favors a deeper understanding of oneself, one’s desires, and one’s relationship…

    • 1873 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Aquinas Vs Kant

    • 2053 Words
    • 9 Pages

    A Juxtaposition of the Metaphysics of Aquinas and Kant Two key philosophers that one must examine in order to gain a better grasp of metaphysics are Saint Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant. Through a thorough examination of both thinkers’ metaphysical philosophies, one can conclude that they differ in their beliefs regarding the origin and essence of beings and Being. In his examination of metaphysics, Saint Thomas Aquinas believes that in order to understand being and Being, one must start with God and His heaven, and use his God-given intellect to understand the phenomenal world. However, Kant believes the opposite in that he claims that in order to understand being and Being, one must begin with observing and analyzing the phenomenal world,…

    • 2053 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    In Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, he begins chapter one with an argument that there is nothing that can be called good without qualification except for a goodwill. First, Kante says that gifts given to us by nature can have both a good and a bad purpose. For example, he explains that people wish for qualities such as wit and intelligence. Both can be used for good means like helping others as a teacher.…

    • 275 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Kant Personal Response

    • 1070 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Name- MAYANK MANGAL ID No.- 2014A4PS459H Assignment: Personal Response Essay Immanuel Kant : An answer to the question: What is Enlightenment An answer to the question: What is Enlightenment is an essay which was written by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in the year of 1784, the greatest modern philosopher of all times is deeply inspired by Rousseau from where he adopts the novelties of freedom as autonomy or itself legislation. The essay addresses the causes of lack of enlightenment and the preconditions which are necessary to make it possible to enlighten the people. Kant thinks that the people should be given freedom to use their own intellect and he abolished all church and state paternalism.…

    • 1070 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the second chapter of Groundwork For the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant aims to move from the popular moral philosophy in order to establish a metaphysics of morals. Kant 's main opponents in this chapter are the philosophers of self-love. These philosophers argue that everyone is motivated by their rational self-interest. This viewpoint is dangerous to Kant; both supposedly moral acts and immoral acts come from the same source and are therefore indistinguishable. This viewpoint is also dangerous to him as it implies that reason is entirely slave to the passions; we can only act in a certain way if we have an interest in doing so.…

    • 775 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Chan Dr. Whitman Phil 1301 1 May 2017 Kant Paper Immanuel Kant was a man of knowledge and self-awareness. He was well known for the development of ethical formulas in his book Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. One important formula that will be introduced is the Humanity formula. When using this formula, Kant explain why or why…

    • 1165 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In chapter one of Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant argues that human’s purpose is not happiness, mainly in order to further defend his previous claim that a good will can be considered good without any necessary qualification. Kant agrees with the principle that no instrument for any purpose would be found in a being unless it was the most appropriate instrument for that purpose. This is why he claims that nature would have made a grave mistake if it burdened reason with finding happiness. Happiness, he writes, could be “attained far more surely by instinct than it ever could be by reason”. Instinct seems to mesh much better with finding happiness than reason does, as reason can cause desires to be skewed, while instinct…

    • 361 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    To distinguish a difference between Kant and Nietzsche, Kant was the first one, between the two of them to explain the theory of morals. Some values as he defines them have a built in value which have developed by themselves, and they follow those values as they lead to this statement: “Duty carries with itself absolute necessity”. This claim explains Kant’s way of explaining moral theory. Which is where Nietzsche firstly disagrees with Kant, he refused to accept the same values as a given fact, and instead he looks for the next step and tries to see how those duties came to have their value.…

    • 307 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    To Kant, the “world in itself” was the noumenal world and the world as you experience it is the phenomenal world. Kant believed that we see the world around us we organize the world using the concepts of time and space and cause and effect and because of this we cannot see the world without this way of organization. He concludes that the noumenal world is unknowable by us and the phenomenal world is the world as we see it by formatting it and imposing our experiences on it but also the way that we think about it. He believed that we could have thoughts of the things that we see and experience. Space and time are a form of our intuition and they are necessary for us to organize the world because we will also impose properties on objects and experiences such as where they are located or how we saw them and their physical properties such as color.…

    • 1421 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    What is it that makes a good deed inherently good? Some may say that the goodness of an action is characterized solely by ones motivation to do good, while other’s believe that the end result is all that matters. As human beings we are free to choose our path in life, as well as our beliefs and our actions. This allows us to decide whether we want to act in a way that will cause harm or good. Since we have the free will to decide our course of action to get the results we want, it also comes with the responsibility to choose whether we wish to act ethically.…

    • 1510 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays