1. Overview Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that is formed in many different types of nervous tissue. In 1864 a German physician named Rudolph Virchow first described this cancer as a abdominal tumor. The cancer cell appears on adrenal glands mostly and can cause pain in abdomen bones. This cancer mostly shows in 10 year olds and younger , reason why has still not been proven , but scientist do say neuroblastoma develops in early age. Neuroblastoma has two stages , 4 and 4s. Stage for is when the children's tumor spread further throughout the body than where it was originally found. Stage 4s applies when the child is under 1 and cancer begins to affect their skin, liver, or bone marrow. Only way neuroblastoma can be prevented is if the mother
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Genes Neuroblastoma has many genes involved inside the cancer such as ALK, BARD1 , LMO1. Scientist have thought at least two genes are needed to cause severe neuroblastoma. Less common reason would be a inheriting mutated genes from parents. A gene called PHOX2B which gives instructions for making a protein that works in early development to format nerve cells . According to https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov when PHOX2B is mutated a anino acid is change in its protein which leads to the delation of chromosome 1 and chromosome 11 . Which throws off the early cycle of developing nerve cells . This mutation inside the gene will ultimately increase the risk of neuroblastoma and other symptoms …show more content…
Evolution According to Byron D Joyner, neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infancy. Scientist Virchow first described neuroblastoma as glioma in 1891. In 1927 scientist Cushing and Wolbach labeled neuroblastoma as ganglioneuroma which are similar tumors compared to neuroblastoma. In 1957, Mason published a report of a child with neuroblastoma whose urine contained pressor amines. This discovery really contributed to the understanding of neuroblastoma. Throughout the history of neuroblastoma there weren't many patterns of the cancer appearing in a certain race or gender. Neuroblastoma is still a very rare cancer and has a very low appearance rate in history, mostly appear in kids under the age of
Genes Neuroblastoma has many genes involved inside the cancer such as ALK, BARD1 , LMO1. Scientist have thought at least two genes are needed to cause severe neuroblastoma. Less common reason would be a inheriting mutated genes from parents. A gene called PHOX2B which gives instructions for making a protein that works in early development to format nerve cells . According to https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov when PHOX2B is mutated a anino acid is change in its protein which leads to the delation of chromosome 1 and chromosome 11 . Which throws off the early cycle of developing nerve cells . This mutation inside the gene will ultimately increase the risk of neuroblastoma and other symptoms …show more content…
Evolution According to Byron D Joyner, neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infancy. Scientist Virchow first described neuroblastoma as glioma in 1891. In 1927 scientist Cushing and Wolbach labeled neuroblastoma as ganglioneuroma which are similar tumors compared to neuroblastoma. In 1957, Mason published a report of a child with neuroblastoma whose urine contained pressor amines. This discovery really contributed to the understanding of neuroblastoma. Throughout the history of neuroblastoma there weren't many patterns of the cancer appearing in a certain race or gender. Neuroblastoma is still a very rare cancer and has a very low appearance rate in history, mostly appear in kids under the age of