According to Ivring Kristol, “A neoconservative is a liberal who has been mugged by reality.” Neoliberalism is an ideology based on the classical economic liberalism of Adam Smith and the classical political liberalism of J.S Mill, including the influence of key thinkers such as Frederich Hayek and Milton Friedman (B. Arneil, personal communication, September 27, 2015). Adam Smith’s economic theory advocates liberation of the market and a state role limited to establishing security (Garner, Ferdinand, Lawson, & MacDonald, 2012: 94). This creates a “moral dimension” by rewarding those who work the hardest and in essence a new form of capitalism emerges (Garner et al., 2012). Similarly, Arneil emphasizes that J.S Mill’s theory limits the state’s role to one of non-inference that protects civil and political rights over social rights. On the other hand, neo-conservatism is an ideology that preserves the classical liberal economic tradition of fiscal conservatism in conjunction with social values, law, order, and security through traditional social conservatism (B. Arneil, personal communication, September 29,
