Introduction Neiserria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative bacterium, strictly human pathogen and the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection Gonorrhea or “the clap” which has infected both men and women for thousands of years. It is named after Albert Neisser who first isolated it in 1879 (Dixson,2015). The disease it caused Gonorrhea, is a term coined by second century Greek physician Galen stands for “as flow of seed”. It is the second most common sexually transmitted infection in the world (Unemo and Shafer, 2011) affecting 62 million individuals worldwide (PHAC, 2011). This bacterium can lead to complications such as Epidimytis in men, Pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal blockages which can lead to infertility in women (Dixson,
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In most cases, both men and women are asymptomatic of the disease which can lead to spreading the disease being spread unintentionally. The common signs and symptoms in men are white,yellow, or green urethral discharge, painful or swollen testicles,burning in the throat and swollen glands (due to oral sex)(WebMD,2014), urinary urgency and frequency (NIH,2015), or burning sensation during urination. These signs and symptoms typically present themselves after the first or fourteenth day of infection (CDC,2015). In women, signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea include burning and pain with urination, pain during sexual intercourse, severe abdominal pain, fever, sore throat (NIH,2015), urinary urgency and frequency, increased vaginal discharge, or an increase in bleeding between periods. These symptoms are often mistaken for other types of common infections such as bladder infections (CDC,2015). In order to get rid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the use of antibiotics are warranted. If not, serious complications can occur. In women, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can develop which can cause internal abscesses. These abscesses are difficult to cure and will eventually damage the fallopian tubes. The damage caused by these abscesses might be so severe that it might eventually lead to infertility. In addition, women are more likely to develop …show more content…
The class of drugs used in these treatments are mostly third generation cephalosporins (PHAC,2011). Cephalosporins of this generation are used because it is more effective against the gram-negative Neisseria gonorrheae than its predecessors. These drugs include cephalexin (Keflex), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), ceftizoxime, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime. These antibiotics cause cellwall damage and lysis in gram-negative bacteria (Talaro,). Macrolides such as azithromycin and Tetracyclines such as doxycycline are sometimes used in conjuction with cephalosporins. Macrolides and tetracyclines have identical functions. Both workby inhibiting ribosomal proteins in bacteria (Talaro,). The recommended treatment of uncomplicated lower gential tract and ano Neisseria gonorrheae infections involve using a single dose of Ceftriaxone 250 mg via the intramuscular injection, a single dose of Cefixime 400 mg via the oral route, or a single dose of ceftizoxime via intramuscular injection paired with either a single dose of azythromycin 1g via oral route or doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for seven days via oral
In most cases, both men and women are asymptomatic of the disease which can lead to spreading the disease being spread unintentionally. The common signs and symptoms in men are white,yellow, or green urethral discharge, painful or swollen testicles,burning in the throat and swollen glands (due to oral sex)(WebMD,2014), urinary urgency and frequency (NIH,2015), or burning sensation during urination. These signs and symptoms typically present themselves after the first or fourteenth day of infection (CDC,2015). In women, signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea include burning and pain with urination, pain during sexual intercourse, severe abdominal pain, fever, sore throat (NIH,2015), urinary urgency and frequency, increased vaginal discharge, or an increase in bleeding between periods. These symptoms are often mistaken for other types of common infections such as bladder infections (CDC,2015). In order to get rid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the use of antibiotics are warranted. If not, serious complications can occur. In women, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can develop which can cause internal abscesses. These abscesses are difficult to cure and will eventually damage the fallopian tubes. The damage caused by these abscesses might be so severe that it might eventually lead to infertility. In addition, women are more likely to develop …show more content…
The class of drugs used in these treatments are mostly third generation cephalosporins (PHAC,2011). Cephalosporins of this generation are used because it is more effective against the gram-negative Neisseria gonorrheae than its predecessors. These drugs include cephalexin (Keflex), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), ceftizoxime, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime. These antibiotics cause cellwall damage and lysis in gram-negative bacteria (Talaro,). Macrolides such as azithromycin and Tetracyclines such as doxycycline are sometimes used in conjuction with cephalosporins. Macrolides and tetracyclines have identical functions. Both workby inhibiting ribosomal proteins in bacteria (Talaro,). The recommended treatment of uncomplicated lower gential tract and ano Neisseria gonorrheae infections involve using a single dose of Ceftriaxone 250 mg via the intramuscular injection, a single dose of Cefixime 400 mg via the oral route, or a single dose of ceftizoxime via intramuscular injection paired with either a single dose of azythromycin 1g via oral route or doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for seven days via oral